評(píng)論
打印
H3Africa has tried to allay the concerns by letting scientists own their samples for longer.
“非洲H3”試圖緩解這些焦慮，讓科學(xué)家將自己的樣品保留的時(shí)間更久一些。
International standards of genetic research dictate that data be made publicly available.
國(guó)際遺傳研究標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求數(shù)據(jù)公開。
But H3Africa gives scientists 23 months of exclusivity, so they can study and publish their data without competition.
但是“非洲H3”給了科學(xué)家23個(gè)月的專有權(quán)，所以他們可以在沒有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的情況下研究和發(fā)布他們的數(shù)據(jù)。
Publications increase the profile of scientists, making them more attractive to funders, which in turn enriches their country.
出版物增加了科學(xué)家的知名度，對(duì)資助者更有吸引力，這反過來(lái)又增益了他們的國(guó)家。
Biological samples are protected for even longer.
生物樣本被保護(hù)的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。
"For three years,"de Vries and colleagues wrote in a 2015 paper outlining the program's policies,
“三年內(nèi)，”德·弗里斯和同事們?cè)?015年的一篇論文中概述了該項(xiàng)目的政策，
"samples can only be used for research that strengthens African research capacity."
“樣品只能用于加強(qiáng)非洲研究能力的研究。”
Still, protecting scientists from competition doesn't necessarily protect patients,
盡管如此，科學(xué)家免受競(jìng)爭(zhēng)傷害的保護(hù)并不一定會(huì)保護(hù)病人，
the hardest-hit victims of past exploitation because they gave their tissue and needed better medical care.
他們是過去遭受剝削最嚴(yán)重的受害者，因?yàn)樗麄兲峁┝私M織，需要更好的醫(yī)療服務(wù)。
Ethical guidelines for genetic research—these vary country to country, and H3Africa has its own strict regulations—say patients must give informed consent when they donate samples.
遺傳研究的倫理指南——每個(gè)國(guó)家各不相同，“非洲H3”也有自己嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定——即病人在捐獻(xiàn)樣本時(shí)必須得到知情同意。
But most languages across Africa lack words for technical terms like gene or biopsy.
但是非洲的大多數(shù)語(yǔ)言都缺少像基因或活檢這樣的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。
Attempts to cross the language barrier haven't always gone smoothly.
跨越語(yǔ)言障礙的嘗試并不總是一帆風(fēng)順。
One well-intentioned scientist created educational material using eye color to explain heredity—
一位好心的科學(xué)家用眼睛的顏色創(chuàng)造了教育材料來(lái)解釋遺傳——
this on a continent of people with brown eyes.
在一個(gè)有著棕色眼睛的大陸上。
And if the information is too technical, says Ogechukwu Ikwueme, who conducts H3Africa-supported breast cancer research at Nigeria’s University of Abuja, patients shut down.
尼日利亞阿布賈大學(xué)負(fù)責(zé)“非洲H3”乳腺癌研究的Ogechukwu Ikwueme說(shuō)，如果信息傳達(dá)技術(shù)性過強(qiáng)，患者就會(huì)拒絕。
Gender dynamics and community hierarchies also impede consent.
性別動(dòng)力學(xué)和社區(qū)等級(jí)制度也阻礙了同意。
These problems pervade scientific research everywhere.
這些問題到處都是科學(xué)研究。
But in Africa, poverty, low education levels, poor access to health care, language barriers and cultural restrictions amplify the concern.
但在非洲，貧困、低教育水平、缺乏醫(yī)療保健、語(yǔ)言障礙和文化限制加劇了人們的擔(dān)憂。
Rotimi often wrestles with questions about the women enrolling in his studies.
羅蒂米經(jīng)常需要解決涉及他研究的女性相關(guān)問題。
"Is she participating because her husband has said so," he wonders, "or is she actually doing it on her own?"
“她參加是因?yàn)樗煞蛘f(shuō)過，” 他想弄清楚，“或者她真的是自己做的？”
譯文由可可原創(chuàng)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)交流使用，未經(jīng)許可請(qǐng)勿轉(zhuǎn)載。
