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So I'd like to propose that we can combine those two worlds, that we can combine the world of the nanoscale programmable adaptive materials and the built environment.
所以我建議把這兩個世界結合起來，把納米級上可程序化、能自我調節的材料和生產環境結合起來。
And I don't mean automated machines. I don't just mean smart machines that replace humans.
我的意思不是自動化設備。我指的也不僅僅是讓智能機器替代人類勞動。
But I mean programmable materials that build themselves.
而是那些可以可程序化的材料實現自我組裝。
And that's called self-assembly, which is a process by which disordered parts build an ordered structure through only local interaction.
這就叫做自我組裝，一種把各個無序的零部件組成一個有序的結構的過程，這一切都只通過材料自身的相互作用來完成。
So what do we need if we want to do this at the human scale?
那么要把它應用于人類社會生活，我們又需要些什么呢？
We need a few simple ingredients.
我們只需要一些簡單的條件。
The first ingredient is materials and geometry,
第一個就是材料和幾何形狀，
and that needs to be tightly coupled with the energy source.
這需要和能源材料緊密結合起來。
And you can use passive energy -- so heat, shaking, pneumatics, gravity, magnetics.
我們可以用被動式能源——比如熱力、抖動、氣壓、重力、磁力。
And then you need smartly designed interactions.
同時我們也需要設計得非常巧妙的交互方式。
And those interactions allow for error correction,
而且這些交互方式可以糾錯，
and they allow the shapes to go from one state to another state.
可以讓已成型的物體改變狀態。
So now I'm going to show you a number of projects that we've built,
我現在要為大家展示我們已經做好的一些項目，
from one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional and even four-dimensional systems.
從一維、二維、三維甚至到四維的系統。
So in one-dimensional systems -- this is a project called the self-folding proteins.
在一維系統里——我們有個項目叫“自我折疊蛋白質”。
And the idea is that you take the three-dimensional structure of a protein -- in this case it's the crambin protein -- you take the backbone -- so no cross-linking, no environmental interactions -- and you break that down into a series of components.
思路是我們拿一個蛋白質的三維結構模型——這里我們用的是花菜蛋白——我們拿出它的主鏈——沒有交叉鏈接的地方或者與環境的相互作用——我們把它分解成一系列的組成部分。
And then we embed elastic. And when I throw this up into the air and catch it,
然后我們嵌入一定的彈性松緊度。然后我把它拋向空中再接住，
it has the full three-dimensional structure of the protein, all of the intricacies.
它就變成了蛋白質本身復雜的三維結構。
And this gives us a tangible model of the three-dimensional protein and how it folds and all of the intricacies of the geometry.
它為我們展示了一個形象的三維蛋白質模型，它是如何折疊的以及它的幾何復雜性。
So we can study this as a physical, intuitive model.
所以我們可以利用這個實際直觀的模型來研究蛋白質。
And we're also translating that into two-dimensional systems -- so flat sheets that can self-fold into three-dimensional structures.
同時我們也把這個想法應用到二維系統里——比如使平板能夠自我折疊形成三維結構。
