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Most information on the movement of nuclear weapons in this country is classified for reasons of security.
出于安全因素考慮，本國的大多數(shù)核武器運輸信息都得到了分類。
But some new details are becoming public that suggest that the transporting of nuclear weapons
但一些新的細節(jié)正在逐漸公開，這些細節(jié)表明，
for maintenance and production is much more frequent than is generally known.
為了維修和生產(chǎn)核武器而進行的運輸，其頻率比大家通常所了解的要高。
NPR's David Malthus reports that on any given day,
根據(jù)我臺記者大衛(wèi)·馬爾薩斯發(fā)回的一貫報道內(nèi)容，
it is likely that US nuclear weapons are being transported on the nation's highways, in the air, and at sea.
美國的核武器很有可能在高速公路、海路和空中運輸著。
America's nuclear arsenal is constantly in flux.
美國的核武庫一直都在變化之中。
Older warheads are retired and dismantled as new ones are built.
老一些的彈頭都因為沒法用而被拆卸了，新的彈頭不斷在建。
Some elements of nuclear bombs, like radioactive tritium becomes stale over time and must be refurbished.
一些核彈的元素，比如放射性氫，會隨著時間的流逝而生銹，一定要翻新才能用。
There are changes in storage sites, quality control checks.
儲藏場所和質(zhì)量管理檢驗也都有變化。
This routine maintenance and production requires frequent movement of nuclear weapons and components.
例行維修和生產(chǎn)都需要頻繁運輸核武器及其組件。
It is accomplished through a large transportation network that includes specially designated cargo planes of the Air Force,
而運輸這些東西需要龐大的運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)，而這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)需要特殊指定的空軍運輸飛機、
freighters under the control of the Navy, and a fleet of highway tractor trailer rigs operated by the Department of Energy.
海軍管轄的貨船、能源部的公路拖拉機掛車車隊。
DOE, which oversees the production, assembly, and testing of nuclear weapons,
能源部負責(zé)監(jiān)管核武器的生產(chǎn)、裝配和測試，
has forty-five custom-built trucks to transport the weapons to more than one hundred military installations in twenty-two states.
有45個定制卡車，專門將核武器運往22個州的100多個軍事設(shè)施。
Headquarters for the transport operations is Albuquerque, New Mexico.
運輸業(yè)務(wù)的總部在新墨西哥州的阿爾伯克基。
Department spokesman Ben McCarty says the truck fleet logs over four million miles and year hauling their special cargo.
能源部發(fā)言人本·麥卡蒂表示，卡車車隊行駛400多萬英里，運輸著這種特殊貨物。
They'll be carrying nuclear weapons, special nuclear materials,
他們將攜帶核武器、特殊核材料，
such as plutonium or highly enriched uranium and classified non-nuclear components of nuclear weapons.
比如钚、高濃縮鈾、核武器非核部分的分類組件。
Once delivered to military storage facilities, the weapons often are then transported by air or ship to bases around the world.
一旦運送到了軍事倉儲設(shè)備，這些核武器通常都要再通過空運或者海運的方式被運往世界各地的基地。
The military, following standard practice, refuses to discuss its nuclear transportation operations.
有了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法之后，軍方就不再改變核武器的運輸經(jīng)營方式了。
However, the Institute for Policy Studies, a liberal research group based in Washington,
不過，總部位于華盛頓的某自由研究組織，
has used the Freedom of Insormation Act to obtain military documents on those operations.
即政策研究所是通過這些運作方式來獲得軍事材料的。
They were made available to NPR. Air Force Memoranda state that nuclear weapons are transported, "almost on a daily basis."
這些材料也有向我臺記者展示。空軍備忘錄中寫道，基本上每天都有運輸核武器。
The military airlift command refers to these missions as "the bully beef express."
軍方空運司令稱這些運輸認為是“運輸牛肉罐頭。”
The Air Force documents show that last year the bully beef Crews flew more than a thousand nuclear weapons flights.
空軍文件寫道，去年，負責(zé)運輸核武器的工作人員總共執(zhí)行了1000多次任務(wù)。
Recently, the Navy revealed, perhaps inadvertently, in public documents,
最近，海軍公開表示，或許一些官方材料的信息已經(jīng)無意間表明，
information that indicates some of its nuclear weapons are ferried across the Atlantic in commercial cargo ships operated by civilians.
一些核武器是通過非軍事人員的商業(yè)貨船運送的。
The ships reportedly carry a small contingent of Navy personnel for security and communications,
據(jù)報道，出于安全和通訊因素考慮，這樣的船一般只會帶著一小隊海軍士兵，
but it appears that the freighters rely heavily on their anonymity for security.
但這些貨船基本上都隱去了海軍士兵的姓名，這樣做更安全。
William Arkin of the Institute for Policy Studies has done intensive research on the transportation of nuclear weapons.
政策研究所的威廉·阿金對核武器的運輸進行了廣泛的研究。
We live with the illusion that nuclear weapons are safely secured away,
我們總是有一種錯覺，即核武器是經(jīng)過安全存儲的，
all in underground missile silos in South Dakota and Montana and Wyoming.
離我們很遙遠。比如，它們一般會被存儲在南達科塔、蒙大納和懷俄明州的地下導(dǎo)彈倉內(nèi)。
And instead, we see a system which requires constant care and feeding, repair, constant movement,
但事實并非如此。我們看到的存儲系統(tǒng)是需要持續(xù)維護、補給、維修的，需要持續(xù)的移動。
which comes into contact with the soldiers and civilian technicians on a daily basis.
而且每天都要跟士兵和技術(shù)人員接觸。
Arkin points out that each year, several thousand military and civilian personnel handling nuclear weapons
阿金指出，每一年，都有幾千名軍人和非軍事人員處理核武器，
are permanently disqualified for such duty because of alcohol abuse, use of illegal drugs, and other personal problems.
但其實他們并不符合承擔(dān)這項責(zé)任的要求，因為有人存在酗酒、使用非法藥物等個人問題。
But defense officials say this is a sign of the military's diligence, not danger.
但國防部官員認為，這在軍方的注意范圍內(nèi)，不屬于危險問題。
Of the one hundred thousand nuclear weapons handlers, about thirty-three hundred lost their clearances last year.
去年，在10萬名核武器的經(jīng)手人員中，有3300人每年會失去自己的許可。
The most disqualified in any recent year has been five thousand.
近年來不合格數(shù)量最多是5000。
But human and mechanical failures have caused serious problems in the past.
但人為故障和機械故障以前曾引發(fā)過嚴(yán)重的問題。
The Defense Department says there have been thirty-two accidents involving nuclear weapons, the last one in 1980.
國防部表示，曾發(fā)生過32起與核武器有關(guān)的事故，上一次是在1980年。
At least ten caused leakage of radioactive materials. None has caused a nuclear explosion.
至少10次核武器事故引發(fā)了放射性物質(zhì)的泄露。但目前尚沒有任何一次核事故引發(fā)了爆炸。
Spokesman Ben McCarty of the Department of Energy says nuclear weapons trucks have been involved in eleven accidents over the years,
能源部發(fā)言人本·麥卡蒂表示，運送核武器的卡車過去這些年來發(fā)生過7起事故，
mainly from icy roads which caused the trucks to flip over.
這主要是因為道路冰雪過滑導(dǎo)致卡車翻車。
But he says there's never been any danger to the public.
但他也表示，這對公眾并無威脅。
We have never had an accident that resulted in a release of radio-activity
發(fā)生的事故中，從未有任何一起導(dǎo)致核物質(zhì)從卡車中泄露，
from one of these trucks or in any damage to the cargo in these trucks.
卡車上承載的貨物也從未發(fā)生損壞。
Air Force documents show that pilots transporting nuclear weapons today
軍方的多份文件表明，運輸核武器的飛行員今天收到指令，
are told to avoid flying over heavily populated areas to the maximum extent possible.
要盡可能避免在人口密集的區(qū)域上空飛行。
General D. H. Cassidy of the Military Airlift Command praised the "bully beef express"
軍事空運司令部的將軍卡西迪贊揚了“牛肉罐頭運輸”的經(jīng)營方式，
for its outstanding safety record in an internal memo last year.
因為這種方式在過去一念間內(nèi)部備忘錄中多次以安全性高而出現(xiàn)在記錄中。
But he also warned the crews about complacency after Air Force personnel
但他也同時警示大家不要得意自滿，
mentioned on a non-secure telephone the nature of the cargo on two nuclear weapons flights.
因為空軍的某位工作人員在一次不安全的電話期間談到2次核武器運輸飛行的貨物是什么。
Military Airlift Command Regulation No.55-141 tells the crews how to respond to a hijacking attempt.
而軍事空運司令部第55-141條都要求工作人員在面對劫持事件時該如何應(yīng)對了。
Never allow a hostile force to capture or control a nuclear weapon, it says,
其中寫道，一定不要讓敵方掌握并控制核武器，
even if it means risking the lives of any hostages that might have been taken.
即便是犧牲人質(zhì)的生命也在所不惜。
The regulation instructs the crews on when to use CDS, the command disable system, which is attached to some nuclear weapons.
法規(guī)規(guī)定了何時使用指令禁用系統(tǒng)（CDS），這個系統(tǒng)是附加在一些核武器上的。
"CDS," the regulation says, "internally destroys the capability of a weapon to achieve a significant nuclear yield."
該法規(guī)規(guī)定，CDS可以摧毀武器產(chǎn)生巨大核當(dāng)量的能力。
As a last resort, the regulation says, nuclear weapons much be destroyed even if it means loss of the aircraft.
規(guī)定指出，最后毫無辦法的情況下，即便是炸毀整個飛機也要摧毀核武器。
The Department of Energy says it too takes great precautions against accidents or terrorist attacks.
能源部表示，對各種事故和恐怖主義襲擊要多家防范。
Spokesman Ben McCarty says the trucks that haul nuclear weapons across the country have armor-plated cabs.
發(fā)言人本·麥卡蒂表示，將核武器在全國范圍內(nèi)托運的卡車都是裝甲卡車。
The drivers are trained and equipped with a number of firearms, and the trucks are escorted by additional armed guards in cars.
卡車司機們都訓(xùn)練有素，并隨身佩戴輕武器。卡車本身還得到了其他武裝警衛(wèi)的護送。
Ben McCarty, We know where all the trucks are at tll times, and we have both voice and data links to them.
本·麥卡蒂表示，卡車無論到哪里，我們都能知道，因為我們跟卡車之間有語音和數(shù)據(jù)相連。
And should anything happen to the shipment, the escort vehicles are able to communicate immediately
一旦海運發(fā)生任何問題，護衛(wèi)車隊可以與當(dāng)?shù)睾椭萘?zhí)法人員
with local or state law enforcement people and the full force of the military establishment should it be required.
以及各軍事機構(gòu)即刻保持通訊，無論何時何地。
While the Department of Energy tries to keep these shipments secret, peace groups have penetrated that secrecy repeatedly.
雖然能源部盡可能地保證海運的秘密進行，一些和平組織還是多次將這種秘密信息傳播出去。
One group, Nuke Watch, has followed the nuclear trucks thousands of miles over the last two years.
其中有一個名為Nuke Watch的組織在過去2年間曾尾隨運送核武器的卡車數(shù)千英里。
Other anti-nuke activists line the roadsides and wave banners, alerting highway travellers that nuclear weapons are on the way.
還有一些反核活動家紛紛走上街頭，揮舞著條幅，警示公路上的游客們核武器就要來了。
Sam Day, the founder of Nuke Watch says the trucks are not difficult to spot
薩姆·達伊是該組織的創(chuàng)辦者，他表示，這些卡車很容易就能發(fā)現(xiàn)，
even though they are un market, with on warning of hazardous cargo.
因為上面總是標(biāo)著“危險貨物”的字樣。
The trucks are eighteen wheel semi-trailers.
而且這種卡車無一例外都是18個輪子的半拖掛車。
They look a lot like the hundreds of thousands of other semis on the road. The trailers are metal colored.
看起來跟公路上的其他半拖掛車別無二致，是金屬顏色的。
They have peculiar radio antenna above the cab, which is the main way that you recognize them as H-bomb trucks.
車身上帶有獨特的收音機天線，看到這個，就會以為是氫彈卡車。
When they spot you, do they take evasive action, try to lose you?
卡車司機看到你們之后，會試圖避開嗎？
They used to, yes. They used to speed up to eighty-five miles an hour, make hairpin turns and generally play cowboy with us.
以前會。以前，它們的時速一般會達到85英里/小時，會在一些地方突然回彎，跟我們玩兒躲貓貓的游戲。
Sam Day says now that the Energy Department knows who they are,
薩姆說，現(xiàn)在，能源部知道了他們的身份后，
the truck drivers no longer go out of their way to evade the Nuke Watch shadow.
這些卡車司機就不再躲躲藏藏，也不懼怕和平組織的目光了。
The Department's Ben McCarty says Nuke Watch is more of a nuisance than anything else.
能源部的本表示，該和平組織真是節(jié)外生枝。
The job of driving these rigs and protecting these rigs is in itself somewhat stressful.
開這種卡車還要保護車上貨物的安全，這件工作本身的壓力已經(jīng)足夠大了。
These guys have to really, you know, at all times be on the lookout for anything unusual
毫不夸張的說，這些卡車司機們要時刻警惕異常情況
or any suspicious vehicles coming up on them, or things like this. And it adds to their stress load.
和可疑車輛的出現(xiàn)，避免相撞等事故發(fā)生。這樣的話，壓力就更大了。
The peace groups say they are not out to harass the truck convoys.
這些和平組織說，他們的出現(xiàn)并不是為了驚擾卡車車隊。
Their purpose is to emotionalize the arms control issue.
他們的目的是讓人們重視軍備控制這件事。
Says Nuke Watch Sam Day, We want to bring home to people the fact
該和平組織的薩姆表示，我們只是希望自己的同胞們能看清楚一個事實，
that nuclear weapons are rolling through the streets and towns of America regularly.
核武器經(jīng)常會在美國的大街小巷上運送著。
I'm David Malthus in Washington.
大衛(wèi)·馬爾薩斯
