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Segment 28a: Introduction
28段第一部分，內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介
This fine lecture could just as well be termed "The Age of Brinkmanship."
本節(jié)課的標(biāo)題也可以叫做《邊緣政策時(shí)代》
Brinkmanship is a word for the practice of letting situations come as close to disaster as possible,
邊緣政策指把形勢(shì)盡可能地推到災(zāi)難邊緣
hoping that one's own side would get the better of the other side.
希望自己這一邊能夠超過(guò)另一邊
The United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies practiced brinkmanship during the Cold War.
在冷戰(zhàn)期間，美國(guó)，蘇聯(lián)及其各自的同盟國(guó)實(shí)行的都是邊緣政策
I think that Molly Hatchet's term "flirting with disaster" is much more appropriate.
我覺(jué)得莫麗·哈切特的歌名《與災(zāi)難調(diào)情》，這個(gè)表達(dá)更為合適
Even though hindsight and historical research demonstrate
盡管事后，歷史研究表明
that the Western bloc had far more firepower than the Eastern bloc at the time, nobody knew that for sure.
當(dāng)時(shí)西方陣營(yíng)火力要比東方陣營(yíng)更足但當(dāng)時(shí)并無(wú)人知曉
A generation of kids grew up with the concept of mutually assured destruction, or MAD,
那一代人從小就知道，保證共同毀滅，這個(gè)概念
the knowledge that the entire world could be destroyed in mere hours.
知道整個(gè)世界可以在數(shù)小時(shí)內(nèi)遭遇毀滅
And there was a time when it nearly happened.
而這險(xiǎn)些就真的發(fā)生了
Segment 28b: A Farewell To Empires, treats the postwar fall of the French and British empires, and the resulting chaos.
28段第二部分，告別帝國(guó)，我們將分析法國(guó)和英國(guó)帝國(guó)在戰(zhàn)后的衰亡以及隨之而來(lái)的混亂
Both nations hoped to maintain at least part of their colonies, but they'd been so battered by the war they could hardly hold their own at home.
兩個(gè)帝國(guó)都希望至少能保住部分殖民地，但戰(zhàn)火已經(jīng)讓它們支離破碎，連國(guó)內(nèi)都幾乎保不住
The British managed to let India and Palestine go their own way without too much trouble,
英國(guó)沒(méi)費(fèi)多大勁，就設(shè)法讓印度和巴勒斯坦獲得了獨(dú)立
but the French had more trouble getting out of Indochina — especially out of Vietnam.
但是法國(guó)在撤出印度支那時(shí)就遇到了麻煩，尤其是在撤出越南的時(shí)候
