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Second, Ellen Langer talks about mindfulness. She defines mindfulness as creating novel distinctions.
第二個方法艾倫·蘭格說的用心。她把用心定義為創造出新的差別
It's similar to creating variaty.
其實跟變著來練差不多
Looking at the things that I haven't seen before, that I haven't looked at before.
看我以前沒留意過的東西，我沒正眼看過的東西
This is also a way to maintain love. You know people talk about how over time you become, you adapt to your relationships. well,
這也是維持愛的一個辦法。有些人說隨著時間過去，他們就會適應一段戀情，其實
there's something new to discover about a person every time, whether it's about my parents, whether it's about lover, whether it's about my friends.
我們每次都能從別人身上看到不同的東西，不管是父母，還是情人，還是朋友
Creating novel distinctions. Looking at it mindfully. Focusing on it.
創造新的差別，用心去看，專注在上面
And maintaining freshness through this focus.
通過這個新的專注產生新鮮感
Visualizing it. Steven Kosslyn from William James Hall, head of our department did research, showing that kids actually visualize most words.
圖像化。威廉·詹姆斯大樓的史蒂文·科斯林，我們系的主任做過一個研究表明孩子會在腦海里把單詞形成圖像
So when you see- let's say mother, immediately the picture of mother comes up.
所以當他們看到——假設是母親，他們腦海里馬上形成母親的圖像
Or it's very often for us when we talk these words unautomatic, we no longer visualize it, which is why it takes kids longer to think.
很多時候我們說這些詞，如果不是有意識地話都不會在腦海里形成圖像，這就是為什么孩子的思維比我們慢
Because they are still visualizing the words. It is not unautomatic anymore, which also explains why kids live like kids,
因為他們還在腦海里把單詞變成圖像，但大人要有意識地才能形成圖像，這就解釋了為什么孩子活著這么有童真
why they are able to appreciate the simplist of things, to be mesmerized by airplane up there.
為什么他們會感激簡單的東西，看到飛機都這么高興
Or when they talk about what they did at day care. They live like children.
談到他們在日托所做的開心事。他們活得很有童真
And what we have become over the years. We adapt to it. We become numb to a lot of these things. So one of the ways to chip away the numbness,
我們長大成人時，我們適應了，我們對這些東西都麻木了，除掉這些麻木的方法之一
one of the ways to do it is to visualize.
就是在腦海里形成圖像
And when we visualize, we start to see things once again like kids do.
當我們形成了圖像，我們就能重新像孩子一樣看待事物
