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So let's do that. So on this bit of grassland, we'll do it, but just in the foreground.
那就做吧。我們將在這塊小草地上實(shí)驗(yàn)這種方式。這只是一開始的樣子。
We'll impact it very heavily with cattle to mimic nature, and we've done so, and look at that.
我們將會(huì)在上面用大量的家畜來模擬大自然的行為，現(xiàn)在來看下模擬之后草地的樣子。
All of that grass is now covering the soil as dung, urine and litter or mulch,
現(xiàn)在土壤已經(jīng)被野草完全的覆蓋，上面還有家畜的糞便、尿液、以及其它的覆蓋物，
as every one of the gardeners amongst you would understand,
在座的觀眾如果做過園藝就會(huì)明白，
and that soil is ready to absorb and hold the rain, to store carbon, and to break down methane.
這樣的土壤已經(jīng)可以吸收并保存雨水，可以保留住碳元素，并能夠分解甲烷。
And we did that, without using fire to damage the soil, and the plants are free to grow.
我們做到了這一點(diǎn)，在沒有用火去破壞土壤的前提下，植被也可以自由生長。
When I first realized that we had no option as scientists but to use much-vilified livestock to address climate change and desertification, ok?
當(dāng)我第一次意識(shí)到，我們作為科學(xué)家沒有別的選擇，只有用破壞性強(qiáng)的牲畜來應(yīng)對氣候變化和荒漠化，
I was faced with a real dilemma. How were we to do it?
我面臨著真正的困境。我們應(yīng)該怎么去實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)？
We'd had 10,000 years of extremely knowledgeable pastoralists bunching and moving their animals,
牧民們已經(jīng)積累了一萬年豐富的畜牧經(jīng)驗(yàn)，知道如何群養(yǎng)和遷徙他們的動(dòng)物，
but they had created the great manmade deserts of the world.
但是，他們創(chuàng)造了世界上最大的人造沙漠。
Then we'd had 100 years of modern rain science, and that had accelerated desertification,
現(xiàn)代的降雨研究也持續(xù)了一百年以上，而這些研究反而加快了荒漠化，
as we first discovered in Africa and then confirmed in the United States,
正如我在非洲首先發(fā)現(xiàn)在美國得到證實(shí)的那樣，
and as you see in this picture of land managed by the federal government.
你們現(xiàn)在看到的圖片是聯(lián)邦政府管理的土地。
Clearly more was needed than bunching and moving the animals,
這些土地需要的顯然比起群牧和遷徙更多，
and humans, over thousands of years, had never been able to deal with nature's complexity.
幾千年來，我們?nèi)祟愂冀K無法完全理解大自然的復(fù)雜性。
But we biologists and ecologists had never tackled anything as complex as this.
而我們的生物學(xué)家和生態(tài)學(xué)家從來沒有嘗試解決過這么復(fù)雜的事。
So rather than reinvent the wheel, I began studying other professions to see if anybody had.
沒有嘗試重新發(fā)明車輪，而是轉(zhuǎn)向別的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，看看是否有成果可以借鑒。
And I found there were planning techniques that I could take and adapt to our biological need,
我找到了任務(wù)規(guī)劃方面的一些技術(shù)，能夠滿足我們生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域的需求，
and from those I developed what we call holistic management and planned grazing, a planning process,
在將這些技術(shù)引入生物學(xué)的過程中，我們開發(fā)了一種稱為“整體管理和計(jì)劃放牧”方法，是一個(gè)規(guī)劃過程，
and that does address all of nature's complexity and our social, environmental, economic complexity.
這個(gè)方法設(shè)法了解并解決自然的復(fù)雜性和我們社會(huì)的、環(huán)境的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)雜性。
