評論
打印
The West’s role in fixing the Rohingya crisis
西方國家在解決羅興亞危機中扮演了何等角色?
By Bill Richardson
文/比爾·理查森
There is something rotten in Myanmar.
緬甸有東西腐爛了。
About 700,000 Rohingya, a Muslim minority, have fled the nation’s coastal state of Rakhine to Bangladesh, in order to escape the military.
近70萬名羅興亞人，一個穆斯林少數族群，逃離該國沿海邦國若開邦，前往孟加拉國，以逃離軍隊的鎮壓。
At least 6,700 Rohingya were killed in one month alone, estimates Doctors Without Borders.
據無國界醫生們估計，僅一個月時間，就有至少6700名羅興亞人被害。
U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson has called it an ethnic cleansing; others suspect even worse.
美國國務卿雷克斯·蒂勒森稱緬甸軍方的行動實為種族清洗;其他人懷疑問題的嚴重程度還不止于此。
While Myanmar’s de facto leader, Aung San SuuKyi, does not have control of the military,
緬甸的實際領導人昂山素季并無統領軍隊之權，
she has failed to show moral leadership and a willingness to listen to frank advice.
但她既沒有展示出道德領導能力，也沒有表現出愿意傾聽坦率建議的意愿。
What, then, can the West do?
既然如此，西方國家能做什么？
The space to help Myanmar correct course is narrow and shrinking, although a few imperfect options exist.
幫助緬甸走上正軌的空間本就不大，如今還在繼續縮小，盡管的確存在一些不盡如人意的選擇。
The international community will need to strike a balance between punishing Myanmar—however symbolically—and convincing the nation of its genuine desire to help.
國際社會需要在懲罰緬甸 —— 無論懲罰地多么表面 —— 與說服緬甸相信國際社會衷心愿意幫助他們兩者之間取得平衡。
At a minimum,Western governments should impose targeted sanctions against military officials for human-rights abuses.
最低限度，西方國家的政府將制裁那些侵犯人權的緬甸軍官。
(Broad-based economic sanctions are blunt tools that should be used only as a last resort.)
（全面經濟制裁這種直接工具不到萬不得已不可隨便實行。）
Meanwhile, donor governments and humanitarian agencies should withhold both political and financial support to the hastily planned repatriation process for refugees in Bangladesh—
與此同時，在對匆忙制定的遣返孟加拉國難民的計劃予以政治和資金支持時，西方政府和人道主義組織應該有所保留 -
unless Myanmar can ensure that returns are safe, voluntary, dignified and sustainable.
除非緬甸能夠確保他們的支持能得到安全、自愿、體面且可持續的回報。
Less scrupulous donors may undercut such an approach,
顧慮不那么多的捐助者可能會削弱這種做法，
but that is insufficient justification for propping up the structures that fostered the current crisis.
但光憑這一點就支持釀成今日危機的各大禍根也難以服人。
Pulling out completely, however, would be counterproductive.
然而，完全撤出支援又會適得其反。
Myanmar would retrench further and toward neighbors like China,
因為那樣一來緬甸就會進一步向中國等周邊國家撤退，
which are keen for influence but whose approaches in Rakhine could spark further violence.
這些國家都巴不得能壯大自己的勢力，然而，他們對若開邦一事的處理方式可能引發更多暴力。
Efforts to document what has occurred may provide opportunities to hold perpetrators accountable or help facilitate future reconciliation,
追蹤事件前因后果的辛勤努力或許能為追究此事的罪魁禍首提供一些線索，或者為促成緬甸軍方和羅興亞人未來的和解創造一些機會，
and the West should encourage a joint investigation with Myanmar into human-rights abuses and the mass graves discovered in Rakhine.
西方國家應該鼓勵與緬甸進行聯合調查，深入調查人權侵犯問題和在若開邦發現的亂葬坑問題。
譯文由可可原創，僅供學習交流使用，未經許可請勿轉載。
