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So we decided to test this in the lab. Now we don't work with children, we don't work with hitting, but the concept is identical.
所以我們決定在實驗室里做這個測試，好了我們不用小孩子，也不用打的，不過概念是相同的。
We bring in two adults. We tell them they're going to play a game.
我們找來兩個成人。告訴他們來做個小游戲。
And so here's player one and player two sitting opposite to each other.
這里顯示了玩家一和玩家二面對面坐著。
And the game is very simple. We started with a motor with a little lever, a little force transfuser.
游戲很簡單。開始的時候這里有個電機，連著小杠桿，作為傳力器。
And we use this motor to apply force down to player one's fingers for three seconds and then it stops.
小電機向下對玩家一的手指施力持續(xù)3秒鐘后停止。
And that player's been told, remember the experience of that force and use your other finger to apply the same force down to the other subject's finger through a force transfuser -- and they do that.
我們告訴這名玩家一，記住這個力的感覺，再用另一個手指以同樣的力，通過傳力器下壓玩家二的手指--玩家一這么做了。
And player two's been told, remember the experience of that force.
然后玩家二被告知記住這個力的感覺。
Use your other hand to apply the force back down.
用另一只手把同樣的力施加回來。
And so they take it in turns to apply the force they've just experienced back and forward.
這兩個玩家輪流來回施加方才所受的力。
But critically, they're briefed about the rules of the game in separate rooms.
不過關(guān)鍵的一點是這兩個玩家是在不同房間里被介紹游戲規(guī)則的。
So they don't know the rules the other person's playing by.
所以他們互相不知道對方遵循的規(guī)則。
And what we've measured is the force as a function of terms.
而我們測量的是力的大小關(guān)于回合次數(shù)的函數(shù)。
And if we look at what we start with, a quarter of a Newton there, a number of turns, perfect would be that red line.
我們來看圖，開始的時候力是四分之一牛頓，橫軸是回合的次數(shù)，完美的結(jié)果應(yīng)該是這條紅線。
And what we see in all pairs of subjects is this -- a 70 percent escalation in force on each go.
但是我們在所有實驗配對中看到的都是這個--每一次施力中大小上揚70%。
So it really suggests, when you're doing this -- based on this study and others we've done -- that the brain is canceling the sensory consequences and underestimating the force it's producing.
所以確實表明，我們在運動的時候--根據(jù)這個實驗和我們所做的其他實驗--大腦一直在抵消感官帶來的結(jié)果。
So it re-shows the brain makes predictions and fundamentally changes the precepts.
而低估自己產(chǎn)生的力，所以再次說明大腦會做出預(yù)測，并且在根本上改變感知到的內(nèi)容。
So we've made inferences, we've done predictions, now we have to generate actions.
到現(xiàn)在為止，我們做了推斷，也做了預(yù)測，現(xiàn)在我們要生成動作了。
And what Bayes' rule says is, given my beliefs, the action should in some sense be optimal.
貝葉斯法則說的是，基于置信值動作應(yīng)該在某種意義上是最優(yōu)的。
