評論
打印
What evidence is there for this?
那有什么證據支持這點嗎？
Well there's one very clear example where a sensation generated by myself feels very different then if generated by another person.
我們認為其中一個非常明了的例子就是自身產生的動作帶來的感覺與他人做同樣動作帶來的感覺是十分不同的。
And so we decided the most obvious place to start was with tickling.
我們認為最直接的著手點就是撓癢癢這件事。
It's been known for a long time, you can't tickle yourself as well as other people can.
眾所周知，人們撓自己的時候總是不如別人撓自己的時候癢。
But it hasn't really been shown, it's because you have a neural simulator, simulating your own body and subtracting off that sense.
但是沒有被證明為什么，其實是因為每個人自己有一個神經模擬器模擬出自己動作帶來的效果。
So we can bring the experiments of the 21st century by applying robotic technologies to this problem.
然后在感覺里自動減去這個效果，所以我們可以用21世紀的實驗條件把機器人技術應用到這個問題上。
And in effect, what we have is some sort of stick in one hand attached to a robot,
具體辦法是，我們讓試驗者一只手握著一根連接在機器人上的小棍，
and they're going to move that back and forward.
由手帶動一起前后移動。
And then we're going to track that with a computer and use it to control another robot, which is going to tickle their palm with another stick.
這時候我們用計算機追蹤這個移動模式，然后用同樣的模式帶動另一個機器人，去用另一根小棍撓試驗者的另一只手的手心。
And then we're going to ask them to rate a bunch of things including ticklishness.
之后，我們會讓試驗者給一系列指標打分，也包括癢癢的程度。
I'll show you just one part of our study.
在這里我展示我們實驗的其中一部分。
And here I've taken away the robots, but basically people move with their right arm sinusoidally back and forward.
圖上沒有畫那兩個機器人，基本上人們的右臂是以類正弦的方式前后移動的。
And we replay that to the other hand with a time delay.
這時候我們把這個移動加上某個時間延遲，在另一只手上重放。
Either no time delay, in which case light would just tickle your palm, or with a time delay of two-tenths of three-tenths of a second.
延遲可以是0，就像直接撓手心一樣，也可以是0.1秒、0.2秒、0.3秒這樣的延遲。
So the important point here is the right hand always does the same things -- sinusoidal movement.
這里的重點是試驗者的右手一直做同樣的類正弦動作。
The left hand always is the same and puts sinusoidal tickle.
左手一直在被同樣的類正弦動作撓著。
All we're playing with is a tempo causality.
唯一我們改變的就是因與果之間的步調。
And as we go from naught to 0.1 second, it becomes more ticklish.
當我們把延遲從0加到0.1秒的時候，感覺上越來越癢。
As you go from 0.1 to 0.2, it becomes more ticklish at the end.
再從0.1到0.2秒，越到后來越癢。
And by 0.2 of a second, it's equivalently ticklish to the robot that just tickled you without you doing anything.
到了0.2秒的時候發癢的程度已經等同于自己什么也不做，機器人直接來撓的效果了。
So whatever is responsible for this cancellation is extremely tightly coupled with tempo causality.
因此不管是什么造成了自身動作的抵消，一定與因果之間的步調大有聯系。
And based on this illustration, we really convinced ourselves in the field that the brain's making precise predictions and subtracting them off from the sensations.
受這個實驗的啟發，我們終于相信了那個論點，也就是大腦能夠做出準確預測并將預測結果從實體感覺里減去。
