評論
打印
Now I have to admit, these are the worst studies my lab has ever run.
現在我要承認，這個是我實驗室里進行過的最糟糕的實驗。
Because the tickle sensation on the palm comes and goes, you need large numbers of subjects with these stars making them significant.
因為癢癢的感覺就像曇花一現，所以需要大量的試驗者，還只能靠星級來給癢癢的程度打分。
So we were looking for a much more objective way to assess this phenomena.
所以我們需要一個更客觀的辦法來評估這個現象。
And in the intervening years I had two daughters.
其間幾年中，我有了兩個女兒。
And one thing you notice about children in backseats of cars on long journeys,
于是關于長途旅行里小孩子坐在后座上，你注意到一件事，
they get into fights -- which started with one of them doing something to the other, the other retaliating.
那就是他們會互相掐架--開始于其中一個對另一個動了什么手腳，另一個就要還手。
It quickly escalates. And children tend to get into fights which escalate in terms of force.
然后沖突很快就會升級。而小孩子們之間的沖突升級一般都體現在用力大小上。
Now when I screamed at my children to stop, sometimes they would both say to me the other person hit them harder.
于是我嚷嚷著叫我的孩子們住手的時候，有的時候她們倆都會告訴我，對方下手比自己更重。
Now I happen to know my children don't lie, so I thought, as a neuroscientist,
我恰好知道我的孩子們不會說假話，所以作為一個神經學家，
and it was important how I could explain how they were telling inconsistent truths.
我想我如何解釋兩人自相矛盾的真話應該是很重要的吧。
And we hypothesize based on the tickling study that when one child hits another, they generate the movement command.
于是我們根據撓癢癢的實驗做出了假設，就是當一個孩子打另一個的時候，會生成動作命令。
They predict the sensory consequences and subtract it off.
他們預測出了感知到的結果，然后減掉了。
So they actually think they've hit the person less hard than they have -- rather like the tickling.
實際上他們以為他們下手比真正要輕，和撓癢的道理類似。
Whereas the passive recipient doesn't make the prediction, feels the full blow.
然而那個被打的孩子沒有做預測，感覺到了全部的打擊。
So if they retaliate with the same force, the first person will think it's been escalated.
所以他們用同樣這個打擊的力氣還手的話，第一個人會覺得力氣變大，沖突升級了。
