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Dreaming is just really weird, when you think about it.
當(dāng)你想到夢的時(shí)候，會(huì)覺得它很奇怪。
When you're asleep, your brain makes up these elaborate scenarios
當(dāng)你睡著時(shí)，大腦會(huì)編造出這些復(fù)雜的場景：
where you're leading a herd of talking apples or riding robot llamas through the jungle or something.
你帶領(lǐng)一群說話的蘋果或騎著機(jī)器人駱駝穿越叢林之類的東西。
And most of the time, you have no idea it isn't real.
大多數(shù)時(shí)候，你不知道這不是真的。
Then when you wake up, you forget most of the dream and move on with your life.
當(dāng)你醒來時(shí)，忘記了大部分的夢，然后繼續(xù)生活。
Like, that's not strange at all.
這一點(diǎn)都不奇怪。
There's a lot of research into the science of dreaming, and sleep in general,
有很多關(guān)于夢和睡眠科學(xué)的研究，
but dreams can be especially important in psychology.
但夢在心理學(xué)上尤其重要。
I mean, don't go reaching for those dream interpretation books or anything.
我的意思是，不要去找那些解釋夢的書或任何東西。
But your dreams might mean more than you think.
夢可能比你想象的更有意義。
Even though everyone probably does it, scientists still aren't sure exactly how we dream.
盡管每個(gè)人可能都做過夢，科學(xué)家仍然不確定我們到底是如何做夢的。
It's often associated with rapid eye movement, or REM sleep,
做夢通常與快速眼動(dòng)或快速眼動(dòng)睡眠有關(guān)，
a phase of sleep where your brain looks as active as when you're awake,
大腦在睡眠時(shí)和清醒時(shí)一樣活躍的階段，
but there's evidence that we dream in non-REM sleep, too.
但有證據(jù)表明，在非快速眼動(dòng)睡眠中我們也會(huì)做夢。
So we're still figuring out some of the biology involved,
所以我們還在研究其中的一些生物學(xué)原理，
but psychologists do have a few theories about how our brains use dreams.
但是心理學(xué)家的一些理論可以解釋大腦做夢的方式。
And sorry, Sigmund Freud, but they aren't all freaky sex messages.
抱歉，西格蒙德·弗洛伊德，但這些并不是變態(tài)的性信息。
In fact, a lot of our dreams are pretty boring, and according to one theory,
事實(shí)上，我們的很多夢都很無聊，根據(jù)理論，
that's because your brain uses dreams for learning and memory consolidation in a process called cognitive-level memory reactivation.
這是因?yàn)榇竽X利用夢境來學(xué)習(xí)和鞏固記憶，這一過程被稱為認(rèn)知層面的記憶再激活。
The idea is that, while you dream, your brain reactivates the neurons it used to learn information while you were awake.
也就是，當(dāng)你做夢的時(shí)候，你的大腦會(huì)重新激活醒著的時(shí)候用來學(xué)習(xí)信息的神經(jīng)元。
These kinds of dreams usually happen during non-REM sleep in the beginning of the night.
這類夢通常發(fā)生在夜初的非快速眼動(dòng)睡眠中。
For example, in a 2010 study published in Current Biology, participants practiced completing a virtual maze,
例如，2010年發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》(Current Biology)雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究中，參與者練習(xí)完成一個(gè)虛擬迷宮，
then either took a 90-minute nap or stayed awake.
然后要么小睡90分鐘，要么保持清醒。
During the next round of testing, those who took a nap finished faster on average than those who didn't,
在接下來的測試中，午睡的人比不午睡的人完成得快。
but the real MVPs were the group who took a nap and dreamed about something related to the task:
但真正最優(yōu)秀的是那些小睡片刻的人，他們所做的夢與任務(wù)相關(guān)：
They improved up to ten times more than the others.
這些人和其他人相比進(jìn)步了十倍。
This doesn't necessarily mean that dreaming itself gives you a better memory.
這并不意味著做夢就能讓你記憶力更好。
The dreams might just be a side effect of what your brain is doing —
夢可能只是大腦活動(dòng)的副作用——
reactivating neurons to solidify information and encode it into long-term memory.
重新激活神經(jīng)元以鞏固信息并將其編碼到長期記憶中。
But it might explain the more boring dreams we have.
但這也許可以解釋為什么我們做更無聊的夢。
It doesn't really explain why some of our dreams are just flat-out weird, though.
但這并不能真正解釋為什么我們的一些夢平淡無奇。
And that's where the contemporary theory of dreaming comes in.
這就是當(dāng)代做夢理論的由來。
The idea is that your dreams are mainly controlled by what emotions you're feeling, not what you've learned lately.
夢主要是由情緒控制，而不是最近經(jīng)歷的事情。
If you're experiencing one really strong emotion, you'll probably have simpler dreams—
如果你正在經(jīng)歷一種非常強(qiáng)烈的情緒，可能你的夢更簡單——
like, if you're feeling overwhelmed, you might dream you're being sucked up by a tornado.
比如，如果你感到不知所措，你可能會(huì)夢見自己被龍卷風(fēng)卷走了。
But if you're feeling multiple emotions, your dreams can get more complicated and random.
但如果你有多種情緒，你的夢可能會(huì)變得更加復(fù)雜和隨機(jī)。
This theory may also help explain the relationship psychologists have seen between dreaming and trauma,
這個(gè)理論也有助于解釋心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的夢與創(chuàng)傷之間的關(guān)系，
especially in those with post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.
尤其是那些患有創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙（PTSD）的人。
Frequent, disruptive nightmares are actually one of the potential criteria for diagnosing someone with PTSD,
頻繁的破壞性噩夢實(shí)際上是診斷創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙（PTSD）患者的潛在條件之一，
with up to 96% of patients reporting nightmares related to the trauma they experienced.
高達(dá)96％的患者聲稱，噩夢與他們所經(jīng)歷的創(chuàng)傷相關(guān)。
According to the contemporary theory of dreaming,
根據(jù)當(dāng)代做夢理論，
people with PTSD have nightmares because dreaming can help us resolve traumatic emotions.
創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙（PTSD）患者會(huì)做噩夢，因?yàn)樽鰤艨梢詭椭覀儞嵛渴軅那榫w。
By processing them in our sleep, the memories might feel less painful when we're awake.
通過在睡眠中處理這些記憶，人在醒來可能不會(huì)感覺那么痛苦。
That's what the brain is trying to do, at least.
至少這是大腦努力做的事情。
It's not always successful, which is why PTSD often doesn't just go away on its own.
并不是每次都會(huì)成功，這就是為什么創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙不會(huì)自行消失的原因。
There's also another theory, the threat simulation theory of dreaming,
還有另一種理論——威脅模擬做夢理論，
which says that nightmares could be your brain preparing you for danger in the real world.
也就是說噩夢可能是你的大腦在為你現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的危險(xiǎn)做準(zhǔn)備。
According to threat simulation theory, dreams were selected for during evolution to help us survive —
根據(jù)威脅模擬理論，進(jìn)化過程中，做夢幫助我們生存——
as opposed to being controlled by emotions.
而不是讓我們被情緒控制。
So if you dream you're being chased by an angry sabre tooth tiger
所以，如果你夢到自己被一只憤怒的劍齒虎追趕，
your brain might just be preparing you in case you're attacked in real life.
你的大腦可能只是在為你現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中遭到攻擊做準(zhǔn)備。
The idea matches what psychologists have seen in studies — like in a 2005 study of almost 200 children,
這個(gè)想法與心理學(xué)家的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相吻合——比如2005年對近200名兒童的研究，
where researchers found evidence that being exposed to danger, like violence or abuse,
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了表明危險(xiǎn)的證據(jù)，比如暴力或虐待，
primes our brains to dream about dangerous scenarios even more, possibly to prepare against future threats.
我們的大腦夢到更多危險(xiǎn)的情景，可能在為未來的威脅做準(zhǔn)備。
And based on what we know about dreaming and trauma, it makes sense that your brain would do this.
根據(jù)我們對做夢和創(chuàng)傷的了解，就會(huì)明白大腦為什么這樣做。
I mean, dreaming is kind of like a simulator where you can't hurt yourself.
我的意思是，做夢有點(diǎn)像模擬器，你不會(huì)傷害自己。
The threat simulation theory alone can't really explain all of our dreams, though,
然而，威脅模擬理論無法真正解釋所有的夢。
and it's possible that your brain uses dreaming in a lot of different ways.
可能是因?yàn)榇竽X做夢方式不同的原因。
There are also plenty of scientists who think dreams don't have a specific purpose at all —
也有很多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為夢根本沒有特定的目的——
they're just what happens when neurons randomly fire while you sleep.
做夢就是睡覺時(shí)神經(jīng)元隨機(jī)放電時(shí)產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)象。
So, it's hard to know exactly why you dreamed that you forgot to study for a final and showed up without pants,
所以，很難確切地知道為什么你夢到自己忘記準(zhǔn)備期末考試而沒有穿褲子，
or tried to ride a horse down the highway.
或者試圖在公路上騎馬。
But your brain might be trying to help you process emotions or prepare for some kind of threat.
但是你的大腦可能在試圖幫助你處理情緒或者為某種威脅做準(zhǔn)備。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych, brought to you by our patrons on Patreon.
感謝收看本集《心理科學(xué)秀》，本期節(jié)目由Patreon贊助。
If you'd like to help us keep supporting the show, you can go to patreon.com/scishow,
如果你想繼續(xù)觀看我們的節(jié)目，可以登陸patreon.com/scishow.com，
and for more episodes like this, visit youtube.com/scishowpsych and subscribe.
如您想欣賞更多類似的內(nèi)容，可以訪問并訂閱youtube.com/scishowpsych。
