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The effort to quote unquote civilize the Philippines had become so brutal that it strengthened the isolationist movement
所謂的“開化菲律賓人”的行為非常之殘暴以至于助長了孤立主義運動
which believed that American troops should stay in America and avoid foreign entanglements.
認為美國軍隊應該待在美國，避免與外國的糾葛
Under isolationist pressure congress promised to grant the Filipinos their independence by 1945.
在孤立主義的壓力下，國會承諾要在1945年前讓菲律賓人獲得獨立
The hero of San Juan Hill Theodore Roosevelt was elected vice president in 1900,
1900年，圣胡安山的英雄西奧多·羅斯福當選為副總統，
the next year 1901 he succeeded the assassinated president McKinley.
一年后，1901年他在麥金萊總統遇刺后繼任
Roosevelt's famous principle was speak softly and carry a bigstick; his favourite big stick was the US navy.
羅斯福最出名的原則就是，溫言在口大棒在手，他最喜歡的大棒就是美國海軍
A supporter of sea power and sea trade Roosevelt yearned to build a canal through Panama,
他支持海軍力量和海洋貿易，羅斯福希望建造一條穿過巴拿馬的運河
the only problem was that Panama belonged to Columbia and Columbia wouldn't cooperate.
唯一的問題就在于巴拿馬屬于哥倫比亞，而哥倫比亞不想配合
In 1903 suddenly Panama revolted against Columbia
1903年巴拿馬突然叛變了哥倫比亞
before Columbia could react the US gunboat Nashville showed up complete with a detachment of US marines.
哥倫比亞還沒來得及作出反應，美國炮艇納什維爾就帶著美國海軍先遣隊出現了
The new state of Panama was predictably very happy to let Roosevelt build his canal in a US owned Panama Canal Zone.
新的巴拿馬州當然非常樂意讓羅斯福在美國擁有的巴拿馬運河區修建運河
