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(While) in a lot of ways, relationships with friends had a similar effect as those with family,
“(盡管）很多時候，與朋友的關系和與家人的關系對健康有著類似的影響，”
says William Chopik, assistant professor of psychology at Michigan State University and the author of the study,
該項研究的研究員兼密歇根州立大學心理學助理教授William Chopik如是說到，
in others, they surpassed them.
“但在其他時候，前者對健康的影響要大于后者?！?
If the primacy of family has been oversold as a key to long life, so has the importance of avoiding conflict or emotional upset.
如果說家庭至上的地位被人們過度推崇成了長壽的關鍵，那避免沖突以及情緒不穩定的重要性也不例外。
Shouting back at cable news is no way to spend your golden years,
一邊看電視新聞一邊破口大罵絕對不適合人生的黃金歲月，
but passion, it’s turning out, may be more life-sustaining than apathy, engagement more than indifference.
但事實表明，激情和參與要比冷漠和漠不關心更有利于長壽。
In a study published by the American Aging Association,
在美國老齡化協會發表的一項研究中，
researchers analyzed data from the Georgia Centenarian Study,
研究人員分析了“格魯吉亞百歲老人研究”的數據，
a survey of 285 people who were at least (or nearly) 100 years old,
該研究調查了285名至少（或接近）100歲的人，
as well as 273 family members and other proxies who provided information about them.
以及273名家庭成員或其他提供這些人信息的代理人。
The investigators were looking at how the subjects scored on various personality traits,
調查人員研究了受試者各個人格特征的分值，
including conscientiousness, extraversion, hostility and neuroticism.
比如責任心，外向性，是否經常言行帶刺，是否存在神經質問題等。
As a group, the centenarians tested lower on neuroticism and higher on competence and extraversion
從整體來看，百歲老人神經質這一指標分值較低，能力和外向分值較高。
Their proxies ranked them a bit higher on neuroti-cism, as well as on hostility.
而代理人給他們的神經質和言行帶刺方面打的分值略高一些。
It’s impossible to draw a straight line between those strong personality traits and long life,
我們無法在鮮明的性格特征和長壽之間劃一條直線，
but the authors saw a potential one,
但研究人員們還是看到了希望，
citing other studies showing that centenarians rank high on "moral righteousness,"
他們引用了其他研究，那些研究表明百歲老人在“道德正義”方面排名較為靠前，
which leads to robust temperaments that "may help centenarians adapt well to later life."
而那些特點會給人帶來健康的“可能幫助了百歲老人很好地適應老年生活”的性情。
At the same time, that crankiness, judiciously deployed, can be adaptive, its polar opposite— cheerfulness and optimism—may be less so.
然而發揮得當的話，那種謹慎的態度也有利于適應老年生活，而其另一面-快樂和樂觀-或許就不那么有利了。
Worried people are likelier to be vigilant people,
因為容易焦慮的人很可能警惕性很強，
alert to a troubling physical symptom
對令人不安的身體癥狀會很敏感，
or a loss of some faculty that overly optimistic people might dismiss.
對樂天派可能會無視的某些能力的喪失也是如此。
Friedman and his collaborator Leslie R. Martin, a professor of psychology at La Sierra University in Riverside, Calif.,
弗里德曼和他的共同研究者、加州里弗賽德拉塞拉大學心理學教授萊斯利·R. 馬丁，
base their book on work begun in 1921 by Stanford University psychologist Lewis Terman,
共同出了一本書，書的內容基于斯坦福大學心理學家劉易斯·特曼于1921年開始的一項研究
who recruited 1,500 boys and girls born around 1910 and proposed to follow them throughout their lifetimes
劉易斯招募了1500名1910年左右出生的一批男女，并對他們進行了終身的跟蹤調查，
and, when he died—which happened in 1956—to have successors continue the work.
他去世的時候 - 也就是1956年 - 他的繼任者接替了他的工作。
Friedman and Martin have been two of those successors, and they’ve learned a lot.
弗里德曼和馬丁兩人也是其中之一，而且他們從這項研究中受益頗多。
"Our research found that the more cheerful, outgoing children did not, for the most part,
“我們的研究發現，在大多數情況下，更開朗更外向的孩子
live any longer than their more introverted or serious classmates," says Friedman.
并沒有比更內向更嚴肅的同學更長壽，”弗里德曼說。
Excessively happy people may ignore real threats and fail to take precautions or follow medical advice.
過于幸福的人可能會忽略真正的健康威脅，沒有提前做好預防措施或者遵從醫囑。
It is O.K. to fret—if in a responsible manner.
會焦慮也沒關系——如果這種焦慮是本著負責任的態度的話。
