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The new warhead, known as a tactical nuclear weapon,
這種被稱為戰術型核武器的新型彈頭
would be delivered by a submarine-launched missile against an advancing army.
將被安裝到潛射發射的導彈上對前進的軍隊發射。
It differs from a strategic weapon, which is designed to destroy cities and hardened military targets.
這種武器與旨在摧毀城市和頑固的軍事目標的戰略核武器不同。
America needs battlefield nukes, the Trump team says, to match and deter adversaries’ tactical arsenals.
特朗普團隊表示，美國需要戰場型核武器來配合和威懾對手的戰術武庫。
In an escalating fight with Russia or China,
在與俄羅斯或中國不斷升級的斗爭中，
the U.S. military could engage in a “limited nuclear war”
美國軍方可能會參與“有限的核戰爭”，
rather than leveling whole cities with strategic weapons.
而不是用戰略武器將大量城市夷為平地。
Air Force General Paul Selva, vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, tells TIME the President needs options.
空軍將軍兼參謀長聯席會議副主席保羅·塞爾瓦向本刊透露，總統需要選擇。
Trump and his successors should not face a choice between killing millions of civilians or backing down, he says.
他說，特朗普和他的繼任者不應該面臨殺害數百萬平民還是退縮的選擇。
“It makes people uncomfortable to hear about nuclear war–fighting
塞爾瓦說：“聽到有關核戰爭的消息
and presenting options to the President, whomever that person might be,” Selva says.
或者向總統——無論總統是誰——提供選擇的消息，民眾都會感到不適。”
“Strategic stability in the world between our nuclear competitors and our nuclear peers has been assumed.
“假定在核問題上，我們的競爭者和我們的同行采取的戰略都具有穩定性。
It is not a birthright.”
這并非與生俱來的權利。”
Trump’s new plan also expands the President’s “first use” of nuclear weapons
特朗普的新計劃還將總統對核武器的“首次使用”
to circumstances that include “nonnuclear strategic attacks” against the U.S. or its allies.
延伸到包括針對美國或其盟友的“非核戰略襲擊”的情況。
That could mean cyberattacks on nuclear command and control systems or civilian infrastructure,
這可能意味著出現針對核武器指揮控制系統或民用基礎設施的網絡攻擊，
like the electricity grid or air-traffic-control system, armscontrol experts have concluded.
如電網或空中交通管制系統，武器控制專家如是總結到。
Previous Administrations limited the threat of a nuclear response to mass-casualty events,
此前，各屆政府都將核武器的應用限制在了受到大規模傷亡威脅的情形，
like chemical- and biological-weapon attacks.
如遇到化學武器或生物武器襲擊。
Stephen Schwartz, a nuclear weapons policy expert,
核武器政策專家史蒂芬施瓦茨說，
said the key concern is the expansion of the nuclear umbrella to “include these new and not extreme possibilities,
關鍵的問題是將核保護傘擴大到“覆蓋這些新出現但并不極端的可能性，
thus dramatically lowering the threshold for nuclear use.”
從而大大降低核用途的門檻。”
The Trump plan also takes a new, skeptical approach to nuclear arms-control agreements.
特朗普計劃對核武器控制協議也采取了一種新的懷疑態度。
In the 2018 Pentagon budget, Trump included funding for the development of a new missile.
在2018年五角大樓預算中，特朗普將納入了開發新型導彈的資金。
If tested or deployed, the missile would violate a 30-year-old arms-control pact with Russia,
如果對其進行測試或部署，該導彈就違反了美國和俄國訂立的一項有效期長達30年的軍控協議——
the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty.
中程核武（INF）條約。
Unlike his predecessors, Trump is directly confronting Russia’s prior violation of the treaty,
與前任總統們不同，特朗普對俄羅斯先違反條約的行為進行了直接對抗，
says David Trachtenberg, Defense Undersecretary for Policy, who helped oversee the new plan.
協助監督新計劃的國防部副部長戴維·特勞滕伯格說。
“The world is not as benign as some hoped it would be,” he says.
“世界并不像某些人希望的那樣美好，”他說。
