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Here's a fun fact for you.
給你說件趣事。
I always used to get small shocks whenever I touched metal objects, but it's recently stopped.
我過去觸摸金屬物體時，總是受到一點兒電擊，但最近不這樣了。
Obviously, I'm ex-static. No? You're not feeling that one?
很顯然，我是排斥靜電的。不是嗎？你感覺不到嗎？
Did you hear the one about the restaurant on the moon?
你有沒有聽說過月球上的那家餐廳？
Great food, no atmosphere. Yeah, dad jokes!
里面有美味的食物，卻沒有大氣。是的，這些都是老爸笑話。
Whether it's the classic "Hi Hungry, I'm Dad!" or a "tooth hurty" dentist appointment,
不管是經(jīng)典的“嗨，小餓鬼，我是爸爸！”還是與牙醫(yī)的“牙痛”預(yù)約，
there's something uniquely groan-worthy about the jokes we associate with dads.
這些和爸爸有關(guān)的笑話都格外讓人厭煩。
Now, it might be tempting to write them off entirely,
把它們?nèi)咳∠?/div>
or like campaign for their eradication from the face of the planet, don't do that to me!
或者發(fā)動讓它們從地球上消失的運動可能很誘人，不要再對我說了！
Whether you love them or hate them,
不管你喜不喜歡這些笑話，
psychology actually has a pretty good explanation why so-called "dad jokes" exist.
心理學(xué)都很好地解釋了為什么所謂的“老爸笑話”會存在。
It turns out that they and other kinds of humor, are probably pretty important for developing minds.
事實證明，它們和其他類型的幽默對于發(fā)展心智可能非常重要。
Now, there's no technical definition for a dad joke.
“老爸笑話”沒有技術(shù)定義。
But people tend to think of them as puns that just … aren't very funny.
但人們傾向于認(rèn)為它們是雙關(guān)語，只是…不太有趣。
They don't even have to be told by dads; that's just the stereotype.
它們甚至不需要爸爸來說，只是一些陳詞濫調(diào)。
But here's the thing: people don't tell them for no reason.
但問題是：人們不會無緣無故地說它們。
At some point in a kid's development, they are funny.
在孩子成長的某個階段，它們很有趣。
Kids have to develop a sense of humor like any other cognitive trait.
孩子們必須培養(yǎng)一種幽默感，它就像任何其他的認(rèn)知特質(zhì)一樣。
According to psychological theory,
根據(jù)心理學(xué)理論，
there are four stages of humor development, which are based on age-related cognitive development.
幽默發(fā)展有四個階段，它們都是基于與年齡相關(guān)的認(rèn)知發(fā)展。
Before they get to puns, kids enjoy and learn from silly songs and rhymes
孩子們在接觸雙關(guān)語之前，享受并學(xué)習(xí)一些無聊的歌曲和韻律
and more formulaic jokes like knock-knock jokes.
以及更多的公式化笑話，比如“敲門游戲”。
It's not until the fourth stage, when kids are 7 to 11 years old,
直到第四階段，孩子7到11歲時，
that they really develop a good enough understanding of the ambiguous and double meanings of words
他們才對詞語的歧義和雙重含義有了足夠的理解，
to enjoy things like puns, riddles, and satire.
能夠享受雙關(guān)語、 謎語和諷刺的樂趣了。
Then shortly after, their appreciation for the art of terrible wordplay peaks.
不久之后，他們對厲害的文字游戲藝術(shù)的欣賞達(dá)到了頂峰。
Psychologists think that's because our appreciation of jokes
心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為這是因為我們對笑話的欣賞
is relative to how much the concepts they rely on differ from what we understand and expect.
是相對于笑話本身與我們理解和期望的概念差異而言的。
A 1976 study looked at this idea, and found an inverted U-curve for what kids found funny.
1976年的一項研究對這一觀點進(jìn)行了研究，并發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們的興趣點是一條倒U曲線。
The amount of pleasure they got out of a joke was related to how recently they had mastered the underlying concept.
他們從一個笑話中得到的愉悅與其掌握基本概念的時間遠(yuǎn)近有關(guān)。
Before they understood a concept, like say,
比如，在他們理解一個概念之前，
the double meanings of words, a joke that relied on it wasn't funny.
一個基于單詞雙重含義的笑話并不好笑。
Jokes were funniest right after they mastered the central idea.
只有在他們掌握了中心思想之后，笑話才最有趣。
And then after a few years, funniness declined. They basically got over the jokes.
幾年后，笑話的趣味減少了。他們基本上聽完了這些笑話。
So it makes sense late elementary to middle school aged kids are the ones most amused by parental punnery.
所以，小學(xué)高年級的學(xué)生和初中生最容易被父母的雙關(guān)語愉悅是有道理的。
By the time they're 12 or so, though,
不過他們到了大約12歲時，
the fact that words can have two meanings is old news, so those jokes just don't seem as funny.
雙關(guān)語過時了，所以這些笑話不那么有趣了。
Enter the groans and rolled eyes of teenagedom.
此時他們進(jìn)入到了抱怨和翻白眼的青春期。
That Goldilocks age for pun appreciation might actually be where we got the idea that bad puns are "dad" jokes in the first place.
欣賞雙關(guān)語的青春期，實際可能是我們第一次知道糟糕的雙關(guān)語就是“老爸笑話”的時候。
While a person of any gender, age, and parental status can make a bad pun,
任何性別、年齡和有父母身份的人都可能制造一個糟糕的雙關(guān)語，
parents with kids of a particular age have the best audience for them.
特定年齡的孩子是其父母的最好觀眾。
And it's not just about appreciation, joke telling, like other forms of parental play,
講笑話和其他形式的父母游戲一樣，不僅僅與欣賞有關(guān)，
helps nurture a child's development.
能幫助培養(yǎng)孩子成長。
When psychologists talk about play, they define it as any self-generated activity that's fun and not literal,
心理學(xué)家把玩耍定義為任何非文字性的有趣的自發(fā)活動，
and it's generally considered to be a crucial part of social and intellectual development.
它通常被認(rèn)為是社會和智力發(fā)育的重要組成部分。
There are a lot of theories around how play contributes to development,
關(guān)于游戲如何促進(jìn)發(fā)育的理論有很多，
but broadly speaking, it's believed to be a way to experiment and explore.
但從廣義上講，它被認(rèn)為是一種實驗和探索的方法。
Kids can learn how to make concrete things into abstract ideas,
孩子們可以學(xué)習(xí)如何把具體事物變成抽象概念，
to role play and solve problems and how to get along with others.
扮演角色、解決問題以及如何與他人相處。
Play essentially acts as first-hand experience,
游戲本質(zhì)上就是親身體驗，
which kids can learn from, and then apply what they've learned to new scenarios.
孩子們可以從中學(xué)習(xí)，然后把他們學(xué)到的應(yīng)用到新的場景中。
And puns and other jokes come into all of this because they're a form of verbal play:
雙關(guān)語和其他笑話也一樣，因為它們是一種語言游戲：
play that's centered around speech and language.
以講話和語言為中心的游戲。
The developmental importance of play might help explain
游戲啟發(fā)的重要性可能有助于解釋
why having a good sense of humor has been linked with social and academic success.
為什么良好的幽默感與社會和學(xué)術(shù)成就息息相關(guān)。
Children with a strong sense of humor tend to have more friends,
有強(qiáng)烈幽默感的孩子往往有更多的朋友，
and studies have shown that peers and teachers alike rate them as more attentive, responsive, popular, and outgoing.
而且研究表明，同齡人和老師都認(rèn)為他們更專注、有求必應(yīng)、更受歡迎以及更外向。
So knowing how to kid around is surprisingly important, and learning that starts at home.
所以知道如何與孩子開玩笑非常重要，而且從家里開始學(xué)吧。
Even as infants, laughter plays an important role in attachment and helping babies bond with their caregivers.
嬰兒時期，笑聲在依戀和幫助嬰兒與其照顧者之間建立聯(lián)系方面起著重要的作用。
As kids grow older, their play becomes more sophisticated when their parents are involved in it.
隨著孩子年齡的增長，他們的父母參與進(jìn)來時，游戲變得更加復(fù)雜。
The presence of a more knowledgeable play partner can change the way they play,
一個更有見識的游戲伙伴可能改變他們的游戲方式，
and when parents provide guidance, what psychologists call scaffolding,
當(dāng)父母提供指導(dǎo)，也就是心理學(xué)家所說的“腳手架”時，
kids can actually learn more than they would have alone.
孩子們實際學(xué)到的東西比他們單獨玩得到的要多。
There's evidence that verbal play can improve a child's language skills and their metalinguistic awareness,
有證據(jù)表明，語言游戲可以提高孩子的語言能力和他們的元語言意識，
which is their understanding of the rules of language.
后者是他們對語言規(guī)則的理解。
And even in adults, the use of puns and other kinds of word play helps enhance learning and memory,
即使到了成年時期，雙關(guān)語和其他語言游戲也能幫助加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)和記憶，
like when you're trying to learn a new language.
比如你想學(xué)一門新語言的時候可以這么做。
While they might make you groan,
盡管它們可能會讓你嘆氣，
it's actually very possible that dad jokes play a role in helping kids develop their sense of humor and their language skills.
但事實上，老爸笑話很有可能在幫助孩子發(fā)展其幽默感和語言能力方面起作用。
So cut the dads and all the other terrible punners in your life a little bit of slack!
所以，慢點兒刪除生活中的老爸笑話和其他所有糟糕的雙關(guān)語吧！
They're doing important work…and it's not their fault that you don't find that joke
它們的作用很重要，你找不到
about two guys walking into a bar and the third one ducking all that funny anymore.
兩個人走進(jìn)一家酒吧，第三個鉆入其中（是鴨子）這個笑話的笑點不是它們的錯。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych!
感謝您收看本期的心理科學(xué)秀！
If you want to learn more about the science of humor,
如果你想了解更多幽默的科學(xué)，
you might want to check out our episode on what is it exactly that makes something funny.
可能會想看看“到底是什么讓你覺得有趣”的那期節(jié)目。
