評論
打印
When the dirty job of party general secretary came up, Stalin was considered a perfect fit: not very bright, but very hard working.
當黨總書記這個職位出現后，斯大林就再稱職不過了，他不太聰明，但工作卻很努力
But as Stalin appointed his supporters to the communist party's higher echelons,
但是隨著斯大林把自己的支持者部署到了黨的高級梯隊
he basically created and established a patron-client network with himself at the very top.
他基本上織好了一個親信網絡，他自己就在最核心的位置上
Stalin's clients followed him faithfully through the maneuvers which finally put him in complete power by 1929.
斯大林的親信衷心追隨他通過軍事演習，最終在1929年把他推向了權力的頂峰
Stalin rewarded his minions with higher pay and better living conditions, thereby founding the 'nomenklatura', the new Soviet ruling class.
斯大林給他最忠誠的追隨者以豐厚的待遇，優越的生活環境，因此就形成了蘇聯新的統治階級
2. Stalin vs. Trotsky
2.斯大林VS.托洛茨基
As every great empire needs an evil empire,
每個偉大帝國都會出現恐怖政權
so every crackpot dictator needs an evil person or an evil cause to help rouse and direct the hatred and fear of the masses.
因此每個獨裁者都需要一個惡人或者一項邪惡的事業來幫助他們把憎惡和恐懼加于人民身上
The concept of socialism in one country and that of world revolution first had both been important in Lenin's day.
在一國發展社會主義以及世界革命，在列寧時代都很重要
But after Lenin's death, Stalin emphasized one, and Trotsky the other, out of mutual hatred.
但列寧逝世后，斯大林強調一點，托洛茨基則強調另一點，彼此憎惡
