評論
打印
The USSR desperately needed to industrialize.
蘇聯急需發展工業
That was a given, but the question was how much to make the poor peasants suffer.
這是一定的，但問題是要到什么程度貧苦農民才能生存下來
Stalin's solution implemented in 1929 was to force the peasants into huge collective farms.
斯大林在1929年實施的解決方法就是強制農民加入集體農莊
There they would produce enough of a surplus grain crop that the USSR could export it for needed foreign capital.
在那里人們可以生產出足夠多的剩余糧食供蘇聯出口從而獲取外資
When the collective farms turned out to be a failure, when drought struck the Ukraine,
集體農莊失敗后，烏克蘭大旱
the Soviet government extorted the maximum amount of grain from the people anyway.
蘇聯政府向依舊向人們最大化地索取糧食
Millions starved, especially in Ukraine.
上百萬的人都在挨餓，烏克蘭尤其是這樣
But, the Soviet industrial complex was constructed in time to arm the Soviet Union for the Second World War.
不過蘇聯及時建成了工業聯合企業從而在二戰中把蘇聯武裝了起來
The cost was the infinite suffering and alienation of the Soviet people.
而代價就是蘇聯人民無盡的苦難，蘇聯喪失了民心
But this cost would not become clear until the Second World War actually started.
但是這一代價直到二戰真正開始才顯現了出來
4. Dragging the Party Line
4.拖長政黨路線
The difference between party and state, at first, very clear under Lenin, began to blur considerably under Stalin.
黨和國的不同，起初在列寧時代很分明，但到斯大林時代就相當模糊了
The famous five-year plans were a production of the communist party.
著名的五年計劃其實是共產黨的產物
