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I call this ability collective learning. It's what makes us different.
我把這個叫做集體學(xué)習(xí)的能力。這使我們?nèi)绱颂厥狻?/div>
We can see it at work in the earliest stages of human history.
我們可以看到在人類歷史早期的階段這種能力的運作。
We evolved as a species in the savanna lands of Africa, but then you see humans migrating into new environments,
我們作為一種物種，在非洲的草原上進化，但是然后你看到人類遷徙到一個新的環(huán)境
into desert lands, into jungles, into the Ice Age tundra of Siberia -- tough, tough environment -- into the Americas, into Australasia.
進入到沙漠，進入雨林，進入西伯利亞凍土帶--艱苦，艱苦的環(huán)境中--進入美洲，澳洲。
Each migration involved learning -- learning new ways of exploiting the environment, new ways of dealing with their surroundings.
每次遷徙都涉及到學(xué)習(xí)--學(xué)習(xí)新的方法來利用環(huán)境，新的方法來適應(yīng)環(huán)境。
Then 10,000 years ago, exploiting a sudden change in global climate with the end of the last ice age, humans learned to farm.
然后一萬年前，全球環(huán)境突然發(fā)生變化在冰河世紀(jì)晚期，人類學(xué)會耕種。
Farming was an energy bonanza. And exploiting that energy, human populations multiplied.
農(nóng)業(yè)是一個能量密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)。同時利用這個能量，人口增長。
Human societies got larger, denser, more interconnected.
人類社會變的更龐大，更密集，更加相互交流。
And then from about 500 years ago, humans began to link up globally through shipping,
然后大約500年之前，人類開始全球化的聯(lián)系，通過輪船，
through trains, through telegraph, through the Internet, until now we seem to form a single global brain of almost seven billion individuals.
通過鐵路，通過電報，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)，直到現(xiàn)在我們似乎已經(jīng)形成一個單獨的全球性大腦，它包含著近70億個個體。
And that brain is learning at warp speed. And in the last 200 years, something else has happened.
這個大腦以一種超速學(xué)習(xí)著。在過去200年，有一些事發(fā)生了。
We've stumbled on another energy bonanza in fossil fuels.
我們偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)另外一個能量源，石油。
So fossil fuels and collective learning together explain the staggering complexity we see around us.
所以石油以及集體學(xué)習(xí)進化一起解釋了我們周圍的讓人吃驚的復(fù)雜性。
