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萬物簡史(MP3+中英字幕) 第339期:孤獨的行星(4)

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In the days of diving suits—the sort that were connected to the surface by long hoses—divers sometimes experienced a dreaded phenomenon known as "the squeeze." This occurred when the surface pumps failed, leading to a catastrophic loss of pressure in the suit. The air would leave the suit with such violence that the hapless diver would be, all too literally, sucked up into the helmet and hosepipe. When hauled to the surface, "all that is left in the suit are his bones and some rags of flesh," the biologist J. B. S. Haldane wrote in 1947, adding for the benefit of doubters, "This has happened."

在使用潛水衣——即用長管子連接水面的那種裝備——的年代,潛水員有時候會經歷一種可怕的現(xiàn)象,名叫“擠壓”。這種情況發(fā)生在水面氣泵失靈,造成潛水衣災難性地失壓的時候。空氣會猛地離開潛水衣,倒霉的潛水員真的會被吸進面具和管子。等到被拖出水面,“衣服里剩下的幾乎只有他的骨頭和一點血肉模糊的東西?!鄙飳W家J.B.S霍爾丹在1947年寫到,唯恐有人不信,他接著說,“這種事真的發(fā)生過。”
lonely planet

(Incidentally, the original diving helmet, designed in 1823 by an Englishman named Charles Deane, was intended not for diving but for fire-fighting. It was called a "smoke helmet," but being made of metal it was hot and cumbersome and, as Deane soon discovered, firefighters had no particular eagerness to enter burning structures in any form of attire, but most especially not in something that heated up like a kettle and made them clumsy into the bargain. In an attempt to save his investment, Deane tried it underwater and found it was ideal for salvage work.)

(順便說一句,原先的潛水面具是1823年由一位名叫查爾斯·迪恩的英國人設計的,并不用于潛水,而是用于救火。它被稱之為“救火防毒面具”。但是,這種面具是金屬做的,用起來又灼人又累贅。迪恩很快發(fā)現(xiàn),消防員不大愿意穿任何服飾進入著了火的建筑物,尤其不愿意戴那種既燙得像水壺,又很不靈活的玩意兒。為了挽救他的投資,迪恩在水下試了試,發(fā)現(xiàn)用于海上救助工作倒是很理想。)
The real terror of the deep, however, is the bends—not so much because they are unpleasant, though of course they are, as because they are so much more likely. The air we breathe is 80 percent nitrogen. Put the human body under pressure, and that nitrogen is transformed into tiny bubbles that migrate into the blood and tissues.
然而,在大海深處真正可怕的是得彎腰病(減壓?。共皇且驗檫@種病不舒服(雖然不舒服是肯定的),而是因為發(fā)生的可能性要大得多。我們呼吸的空氣里有80%是氮。要是將人體置于壓力之下,那個氮會變成小氣泡,在血液和組織里到處移動。

重點單詞   查看全部解釋    
catastrophic [.kætə'strɔfik]

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adj. 悲慘的,災難的

 
hapless ['hæplis]

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adj. 倒霉的,不幸的

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salvage ['sælvidʒ]

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n. 海上救助,打撈,搶救
vt. 海上救助,

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diver ['daivə]

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n. 跳水者,潛水員

 
phenomenon [fi'nɔminən]

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n. 現(xiàn)象,跡象,(稀有)事件

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intended [in'tendid]

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adj. 故意的,有意的;打算中的 n. 已訂婚者 v.

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incidentally [.insi'dentəli]

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adv. 附帶地,偶然地,順便地

 
terror ['terə]

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n. 恐怖,驚駭,令人懼怕或討厭的人或事物

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benefit ['benifit]

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n. 利益,津貼,保險金,義賣,義演
vt.

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pressure ['preʃə]

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n. 壓力,壓強,壓迫
v. 施壓

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