評論
打印
14.What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful?
14.是什么防止政府部門變得過于強大？
Answer: Checks and balances; Separation of powers
答案：三權分立和分權制
Explanation: The people who created the U.S. government wanted a way to make sure that no one branch (or part) of the government becomes too powerful.
解釋：美國政府的創立者希望找到一種確保沒有哪個政府部門會變得過于強大的方法。
They built a system of checks and balances, also known as a separation of powers, into the Constitution.
因此他們在憲法中創立了三權分立制度。
We can find one example of checks and balances in the United States' process for making laws.
美國制定法律的過程就是三權分立的一個典例。
Congress, or the legislative branch, is responsible for making and passing (or approving) laws.
國會（立法機構）負責制定和通過（或批準）法律。
But what if Congress writes and passes a law that is unconstitutional (or that doesn't follow the Constitution), such as a law that says that Americans no longer have freedom of speech?
而如果國會撰寫并通過的法律有違憲（或與憲法不符）該怎么辦？如規定美國人不再擁有言論自由的法律。
If a law like this were passed, the President as part of the executive branch could veto (or cancel) the law.
如果這類的法律獲得通過，隸屬于行政部門的總統可以否決該法律。
Another way to stop this law would be for the Supreme Court, part of the judicial branch, to say that it is against the Constitution, using its power of judicial review (or the power to overturn or undo laws passed by Congress).
阻止該法律的另一個方法是司法部門的最高法院使用司法復查權（或者說是否決國會通過法律的權力）宣布該法律違憲。
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