定義

被動語態(passive voice)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。英語的語態共有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般來說，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等被動詞來表示被動意義 。

被動句的構成

be +動詞過去分詞
例：English is spoken by many people.
英語被許多人講。

五個基本句型的構成

①肯定句
Clothes are used for keeping warm.
衣服用來保暖。
②否定句
Clothes are not used for keeping warm.
衣服不是用來保暖。
③一般疑問句
Are clothes used for keeping warm?
衣服用來保暖嗎？
④特殊疑問句
What are clothes used for?
衣服用來做什么？
⑤有情態動詞的被動句
Clothes must be kept warm.
衣服必須保持溫暖。

被動句的重要時態

①一般現在時/過去時
主動：People regard him as brilliant.
被動：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人們認為他很有才華。
主動：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被動：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。
②完成時態
A. 現在完成時被動語氣：have been done
主動：We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school.
被動：English has been studied by us for 3 years at the spare-time school.
我們已經在學校里學了三年英語了。
主動：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被動：A power station has been set up in their home town.
他們的家鄉建立了一座發電站。
主動：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被動： Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
主動：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.
被動：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity by us.
核能被我們用來發電。
主動：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被動：He has never been beaten at tennis.
就網球來說還沒有人是他的對手。
B. 過去完成時被動語氣：had been done
主動：Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被動：My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人已把我的鞋子擦了。
主動：They had built three ships by last December.
被動：By last December three ships had been built by them.
到去年年底他們已建造了三艘船。