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The Bill of Rights says that Americans have a right to trial by jury, meaning that when they go to court, a small group of citizens decides whether a person has done something against the law, instead of having just one person, the judge (or the head of the court), decide.
“權利法案”規定美國人擁有由陪審團審判的權利，他們提起訴訟的時候，是由一小群公民，而不是僅由法官一人決定某人是否違法。
The Bill of Rights also says that the police cannot go into an American's home to look for something without a search warrant, which is specific permission for the police to search for something in a specific place, such as your home.
“權利法案”還規定，沒有搜查令，警察不得擅自闖入美國人家中搜查，搜查令就是警察去你家等特殊地方搜查的專門許可。
The Bill of Rights also protects people from cruel and unusual punishment.
“權利法案”也保護人民免受酷刑和罕見的懲罰。
Something that is cruel is painful or unfair.
酷刑是指痛苦或不公平。
"Unusual" means not common or not normal.
“Unusual”是不常見或不正常的意思。
So the meaning here is that the punishment for a crime should not be too painful or strange, and that it should be a normal punishment for that kind of crime.
因此它在這里的意思是對某罪行的處罰不能過于痛苦或離奇，這種罪行應該受到正常的處罰。
The Second Amendment is controversial and is argued about because people in the U.S. have many strong opinions about it.
第二修正案存在著爭議，那是因為很多美國人對它有著很多強烈的看法。
It protects people's right to keep and bear arms (or carry weapons, such as guns), so that they can protect themselves.
它保護人們持有和攜帶武器（如槍支等武器）的權利，這樣的話人們可以自衛。
Recently in the U.S., having a gun without getting permission first has increased a lot.
美國最近出現很多未經許可而持有槍支的現象。
Many people have argued for stronger gun control laws so that it would be more difficult for people to own guns.
很多人呼吁出臺更強大的控槍法律，這樣人們就更難擁有槍支。
But other people say that gun control laws violate (or do something that is not allowed by) the Second Amendment.
但其他人說控槍法律違反了憲法第二修正案。
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