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Chapter 40
第40章
The year 1863
1863 年
412. Position of the Armies, January, 1863.
412．軍隊的狀況（1863年1月）
The Army of the Potomac, now under Hooker, and the Army of Northern Virginia were face to face at Fredericksburg on the Rappahannock. In the West Rosecrans was at Murfreesboro', and Bragg on the way back to Chattanooga. In the Mississippi Valley Grant and Sherman had already begun the Vicksburg campaign. But as yet they had had no success.
胡克領導的波特馬克軍和北弗吉尼亞軍正在拉帕漢諾克河附近的弗里德里克斯堡對峙。在西部，羅斯科阮思在莫福利保羅，布拉格在趕回查塔努加的途中。格蘭特和謝爾曼已經在密西西比河流域發起維克斯堡戰役，但是，他們此時還沒有取得勝利。
413. Beginnings of the Vicksburg Campaign.
413．維克斯堡戰役的開始
Vicksburg stood on the top of a high bluff directly on the river. Batteries erected at the northern end of the town commanded the river, which at that point ran directly toward the bluff. The best way to attack this formidable place was to proceed overland from Corinth. This Grant tried to do. But the Confederates forced him back.
維克斯堡屹立在密西西比河岸邊的一處高高的懸崖上，城堡北端的炮火控制著懸崖正對著的河面。攻擊這個易守難攻的地方的最好方式是從科林斯灣走陸路前進，這正是格蘭特的選擇，但格蘭特軍被南方聯盟的軍隊擊退。
414. Fall of Vicksburg, July 4, 1863.
414．攻克維克斯堡（1863年7月4日）
Grant now carried his whole army down the Mississippi. For months he tried plan after plan, and every time he failed. Finally he marched his army down on the western side of the river, crossed the river below Vicksburg, and approached the fortress from the south and east. In this movement he was greatly aided by the Union fleet under Porter, which protected the army while crossing the river. Pemberton, the Confederate commander, at once came out from Vicksburg.
現在格蘭特指揮全軍沿著密西西比河下行，幾個月的時間里他嘗試了多個方案，但都以失敗告終，最終，他帶領軍隊沿著河的西岸向下游行軍，在維克斯堡下面過河，從南面和東面逼近這個要塞。在這個過程中格蘭特得到美國艦隊的大力支持，波特指揮這個艦隊掩護格蘭特的軍隊過河。南方聯盟的司令培波頓立刻帶兵從城堡中沖出來，
