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Now, this device is only limited in such that it can measure the skull motion,
當下，這個設備僅能測量出顱骨的運動，
but what we really want to know is what's happening inside of the brain.
但我們真正想知道的是腦部內部的情形。
So we collaborate with Svein Kleiven's group in Sweden. They've developed a finite element model of the brain.
所以我們與瑞典的Svein Kleiven團隊合作，他們研發出了一種腦部有限元素模型。
And so this is a simulation using the data from our mouthguard from the injury I just showed you, and what you see is the brain
這是一個模擬圖，模擬所用數據，是剛才影片中那次受傷后我們從牙套中得到的數據，你會看到，
this is a cross-section right in the front of the brain twisting and contorting as I mentioned.
如我之前所述，腦部正前方左右腦交界處發生旋轉、扭曲，
So you can see this doesn't look a lot like the CDC video.
所以這和CDC視頻中所描述的并不一致。
Now, the colors that you're looking at are how much the brain tissue is being stretched. And so the red is 50 percent.
這里不同顏色所代表的是腦組織被拉伸的程度，紅色代表百分之五十。
That means the brain has been stretched to 50 percent of its original length, the tissue in that particular area.
這意味著紅色區域的這部分腦組織被拉長了原來長度的50%。
And the main thing I want to draw your attention to is this red spot.
值得注意的是紅色點狀區域的分布。
So the red spot is very close to the center of the brain, and relatively speaking,
它們非常接近腦部中心，相對而言，
you don't see a lot of colors like that on the exterior surface as the CDC video showed.
和CDC影片中所示不同，腦組織外部紅色區域較少。
Now, to explain a little more detail about how we think concussion might be happening,
接下來，我會更詳細地闡釋我們對腦震蕩成因的觀點，
one thing I should mention is that we and others have observed that a concussion is more likely when you're struck and your head rotates in this direction
值得一提的是，我們和其他同行都觀察到，如果頭部被擊打并像這樣旋轉，更容易造成腦震蕩。
This is more common in sports like football, but this seems to be more dangerous. So what might be happening there?
橄欖球等運動中這種情況（前后晃動）更為常見，但這種（左右晃動）似乎更為危險。所以這種情況中腦部發生了什么呢？
Well, one thing that you'll notice in the human brain that is different than other animals is we have these two very large lobes.
值得注意的是，人類大腦與其他動物的并不相同，主要差異在于我們有兩塊兒相當大的大腦額葉。
We have the right brain and the left brain.
它們是我們的右腦和左腦。
And the key thing to notice in this figure here is that right down the center of the right brain and the left brain there's a large fissure that goes deep into the brain.
這幅圖中值得注意的是，左右腦中間的正下方有一個深入腦組織的裂縫。
And in that fissure, what you can't see in this image, you'll have to trust me, there is a fibrous sheet of tissue.
雖然這幅圖中看不到，但你得相信我，裂縫中有一層纖維化組織。
It's called the falx, and it runs from the front of your head all the way to the back of your head, and it's quite stiff.
它被稱為腦鐮，腦鐮連通頭部的最前方和最后方，它很硬。
And so what that allows for is when you're struck and your head rotates in this left-right direction,
當你頭部被擊中并左右旋轉時，
forces can rapidly transmit right down to the center of your brain.
腦鐮可以讓受力迅速傳至腦部中央。
