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Now, what's there at the bottom of this fissure?
所以，裂縫的底部有什么？
It's the wiring of your brain, and in fact this red bundle here at the bottom of that fissure is the single largest fiber bundle
那里有腦部的“線路”，事實上，裂縫底部紅色的那一捆“線路”是最大的單個纖維束，
that is the wiring that connects the right and left sides of your brain. It's called the corpus callosum.
也就是它連接著你們的左右腦。它被稱為腦胼胝體。
And we think that this might be one of the most common mechanisms of concussion,
我們認為，這也許是腦震蕩最為常見的成因，
and as the forces move down, they strike the corpus callosum,
擊打力向下移動，撞機腦胼胝體，
it causes a dissociation between your right and your left brain and could explain some of the symptoms of concussion.
導致左右腦之間的連接斷裂，這樣就可以腦震蕩的一些癥狀。
This finding is also consistent of what we've seen in this brain disease that I mentioned, chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
此外，這項發現與我之前提過的腦震蕩引起的諸如慢性創傷性腦病等腦部疾病的癥狀相符。
So this is an image of a middle-aged ex-professional football player,
這是一個中年前橄欖球職業運動員的腦部圖片，
and the thing that I want to point out is if you look at the corpus callosum,
我想指出的是，如果你仔細觀察腦胼胝體，
and I'll page back here so you can see the size of a normal corpus callosum
我們看一下上一頁的這張圖片，這是一個正常腦胼胝體的大小，
and the size of the person here who has chronic traumatic encephalopathy, it is greatly atrophied.
這是那位患有慢性創傷性腦病的腦胼胝體，它大幅萎縮了。
And the same goes for all of the space in the ventricles. These ventricles are much larger.
腦室的大小也有變化，然而它們卻變大很多。
And so all of this tissue near the center of the brain has died off over time.
這意味著腦部中央附近的組織細胞，已經逐漸凋亡。
So what we're learning is indeed consistent.
這也印證了我們的研究發現。
Now, there is some good news here, and I hope to give you a sense of hope by the end of this talk.
但是，這里我也要帶來一些好消息，希望能給在座各位一些希望。
One of the things that we've noticed, specifically about this mechanism of injury,
我們注意到一些損傷機制的細節，
is although there's a rapid transmission of the forces down this fissure, it still takes a defined amount of time.
雖然力在裂縫中的向下傳導非常迅速，它還是需要一定的時間的。
And what we think is that if we can slow the head down just enough so that the brain does not lag behind the skull
所以我們設想，如果能夠減緩頭部的向下移動，那么腦部運動就不會落后于顱骨，
but instead it moves in synchrony with the skull, then we might be able to prevent this mechanism of concussion.
而是與顱骨同步，這樣我們或許就能預防腦震蕩。
