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Now, the way that we're approaching this problem to try to understand the mechanisms of concussion
當下，我們通過這樣一個設備研究這一問題，從而試圖理解腦震蕩產生機制，
and to figure out if we can prevent it is we are using a device like this. It's a mouthguard.
并確定我們是否可以防治腦震蕩，我們所采用的是這樣一個設備。它是個牙套。
It has sensors in it that are essentially the same that are in your cell phone: accelerometers, gyroscopes,
它里面包含了和手機內置傳感器類似的加速計和陀螺儀，
and when someone is struck in the head, it can tell you how their head moved at a thousand samples per second.
當一個人被擊中頭部時，它可以以每秒鐘一千次的速度記錄下頭部的移動方式，
The principle behind the mouthguard is this: it fits onto your teeth.
這個牙套的原理在于它固定在牙齒上。
Your teeth are one of the hardest substances in your body.
而牙齒是人體內最堅硬的物質之一。
So it rigidly couples to your skull and gives you the most precise possible measurement of how the skull moves.
所以相當于它直接連接在顱骨上，從而可以最為精確地測算出顱骨的運動模式。
People have tried other approaches, with helmets.
研究者們也曾試驗過其他方法，比如頭盔。
We've looked at other sensors that go on your skin, and they all simply move around too much,
我們也曾實驗過將傳感器貼在皮膚上，但是它們移動得太多了，
and so we found that this is the only reliable way to take a good measurement.
所以我們發現這是可以得到精確測算的唯一可信方式。
So now that we've got this device, we can go beyond studying cadavers,
現如今我們有了這一設備，就可以不僅限于研究尸體了，
because you can only learn so much about concussion from studying a cadaver, and we want to learn and study live humans.
因為在尸體身上對腦震蕩的研究已經近乎到達極限，我們想要進行活體實驗。
So where can we find a group of willing volunteers to go out
在哪里才可以找到一組愿意經常出去
and smash their heads into each other on a regular basis and sustain concussion?
把頭亂撞，從而患上腦震蕩的志愿者呢？
Well, I was one of them, and it's your local friendly Stanford football team.
嗯，我就是其中一員，他們是你們友好的斯坦福橄欖球隊。
So this is our laboratory, and I want to show you the first concussion we measured with this device.
所以這就是我們的實驗室，我將向各位展示，我們通過這一設備測量到的第一例腦震蕩。
One of the things that I should point out is the device has this gyroscope in it,
我需要指出一點：該設備中含有陀螺儀，
and that allows you to measure the rotation of the head.
它可以測出頭部的旋轉。
Most experts think that that's the critical factor that might start to tell us what is happening in concussion.
而絕大多數專家認為，頭部的旋轉或許是解釋腦震蕩成因的關鍵因素。
So please watch this video.
請看這段視頻。
