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Although Catherine conquered or annexed the regions finest farmlands, peasants as usual benefited little.
雖然凱瑟琳征服了或者兼并了有最好的農場的區域，農民一如既往地獲利很少
The captured territory was either kept by the state itself or doled out to a few favored nobles.
被征服的土地不是被國家直接控制就是被分給少數受寵的貴族
The same was true after Alexander the First acquired Finland and Georgia.
亞歷山大在獲得芬蘭和格魯吉亞之后也是同樣的情況
And after Nicholas the First made further conquests in the Caucasus and in Central Asia.
尼古拉在高加索和中亞更深入的地方獲得土地后也是如此
The peasants were still stuck trying to eek out a living on very poor land.
農民還是要靠著貧瘠的土地生活
As serfs, they could be sold, sent into the army, or sent to Siberia as their masters willed.
作為農奴，他們被販賣，送入軍隊，或者隨主人的意愿被送到西伯利亞
Even the rough and tumble Cossacks were finding their place in Tsarist society as elite enforcers of imperial will.
而亂作一團的哥薩克則作為沙皇意志的執行者在沙皇統治的社會找到了自己的位置
3. Rule of law. The Enlightenment fought Russia, and the Enlightenment lost.
3.法治，啟蒙運動沖擊了俄羅斯但最終失敗了
Catherine's Nakaz of 1767 was an honorable effort to bring the rule of law to Russia.
凱瑟琳1767年的圣諭是把俄羅斯納入法制的非常光榮的舉措
But the war with Turkey which followed helped Catherine establish her true priorities.
但是接下來對土耳其的戰爭確定了凱瑟琳真正優先考慮的事情
Alexander flirted with giving the Poles and the Fins separate constitutions.
亞歷山大通過準許芬蘭和波蘭擁有憲法而跟兩國眉來眼去
But this did not make the Poles or the Fins any easier to get along with.
但這并沒有讓兩國人民變得更好相處
It did, however, gravely offend the public-spirited young Russians who had fought on Russia's behalf during the Napoleonic Wars.
而實際上，卻深深觸犯了熱心愛國的俄國年輕人，他們在對拿破侖的戰爭期間為俄國作戰
