評論
打印
My concern here is with the morality of the practice of interrogational torture,
我這里關注的主要是酷刑的道德性
whether the practice is informal or formalized.
不論這種做法是不是正規化的
As with slavery and unlike genocide or murder,
不同于種族清洗或者謀殺
there is no self-contradiction in supposing that torture might be morally defensible.
酷刑和奴隸制一樣設想酷刑可能在道德上站得住腳并不會自相矛盾
But the circumstances of its conceivable defensibility are unrealistic in philosophically interesting ways.
但是有意思的是從哲學角度來看它可能在道德上站得住腳的外部環境卻是
It is unrealistic to think decision makers can predict
不現實的認為決策者可以預測到
when torture will affectively yield vital information and to think the practice will be containable.
什么情況下酷刑會有效獲得重要信息認為酷刑的做法是可以操控的
It is unwarranted to think human alternatives are impossible and disastrous to reduce motivation to create them.
其實是不現實的認為其它人道主義的方法就不可能達到效果是沒有根據的并且因此就不去發掘人道主義方法也是災難性的
The level of evidence available to interrogators regarding a suspect's identity, knowledge of vital detail, ability to recall it
審問者所掌握的嫌疑人的身份對于重要細節的知情度回憶重要細節的
or reasons for not providing it is unacceptable, unacceptable level of evidence.
能力或者拒絕提供重要細節的原因都屬于不可接受的證據
And finally the costs of success would negate the gains sort or so I argue.
并且在我看來酷刑成功所付出的代價
Generals argue that it could have been morally justifiable
也會抵消逼供的收獲有人可能會提出當奴隸制與之前對某個人種的所有
or perhaps excusable to support slavery at a time when slavery was an improvement of the prior practice of slaughtering
成年男性實行大屠殺的做法相比已經是一種進步因此當時支持奴隸制
all the adult males of a concrete people.
在道德上是能站得住腳或者說可以被原諒的
Enslavement of the conquered enabled future prisoner exchange to everyone's advantage.
奴役被征服者的做法使得以后的戰俘交換成為可能對各方都有好處
Slavery was an evil but tolerating it then,
那時奴隸制是罪惡的但是也是能被人們所接受的
if Rolls was right to suppose it might have been the best realistically available alternative was not a further evil.
但是在當時的情況下用Rolls的話說這可能是最佳的最現實可行的辦法
