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Segment 18d: Russia as a European Power.
章節18d：歐洲強國俄羅斯
Peter the Great made Russia a full fledged European power.
彼得大帝把俄國變成了一個強大的歐洲帝國
He had streamlined the imperial bureaucracy, but even so Russia was an enormous country.
他改良了帝國的政府機構，但是即使如此，俄國還是一個龐大的國家
The farther out the Russian Empire reached, the more likely it was that the actual ruling was done by the local nobility.
國土越是龐大，那么實際的權力就越可能掌握在當地人手中
The military was strong and usually victorious,
軍事實力很強大
provided that the lines of supply did not get too long as often happened when fighting the Ottoman Empire.
只要供給線不要拉太長一般都會凱旋，比如在攻打奧斯曼土耳其的時候就經常會發生那樣的事
The army was also very expensive to maintain whether or not it was being used.
但是維持一個軍隊耗資巨大，不論出兵與否都一樣
Most importantly, Russia was now economically and diplomatically a part of Western society.
更重要的是，俄羅斯從經濟上來說，已經屬于西方社會的一部分了
Through Peter's support, Russian industry was growing fast, even though it was geared almost completely to military production.
通過彼得的支持，俄國的工業迅速發展，盡管主要發展的是軍事產品
To keep pace with the other European powers, Peter founded colleges devoted to navigation, to medicine, and to science. Science!
為了跟上其他的歐洲國家，彼得成立了航海大學，醫科大學，還有科學大學
To educate the Russian upper classes of their nation's public affairs, Peter also established Russia's first newspaper.
讓俄羅斯上層階級的人們學習怎樣處理國家事務，彼得還創立了俄羅斯第一份報紙
And as the heart of their reoriented Russian empire, he commissioned the building of the beautiful city of St. Petersburg.
作為重新調整的俄羅斯帝國的中心，他又命人建造美麗的圣彼得堡
Yet these advantages had come at a cost.
但是這一切是要付出代價的
