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Sophia was sent back to the convent for good, giving Peter the free hand he needed to start Westernizing Russia.
索菲亞被永遠地送回了修道院，這讓彼得西化俄國的進程不再受干擾
Peter's first initiative was intentionally drastic.
彼得故意讓第一次改變非常激烈
He outlawed the long beards, and outlawed the long, flowing, caftans which were part of a Boyar's traditional dress.
他宣布長胡子為不合法，并且取消了波雅爾有腰帶的長袖衣服的傳統服飾
Peter preferred going clean shaven and wearing Western clothes.
彼得要人們把胡子刮干凈，穿西方人的服飾
And he expected his Court to do likewise.
他要求他的宮廷內外都這樣做
Peter also made changes to the Russian Orthodox Church.
彼得也改變了俄羅斯東正教會
When the Patriarch of Moscow died in 1700,
1700年莫斯科大主教去世時
Peter refused to let a new Patriarch be elected, which left the Church effectively headless.
彼得拒絕加冕新的主教，這讓東正教群龍無首
Shortly before his death, Peter put the Church in the hands of a Holy Senate of ten churchmen appointed by the Tsar.
在他死前不久，彼得把教會交到了由沙皇指定的十人組成的神圣參議會手中
Orthodoxy would always remain at the center of Russian life,
東正教永遠是俄羅斯人生活的重心
but from this point on it would also be an instrument of the Tsar's government.
但是從那時開始，它也成了沙皇政府的一個工具
Peter's greatest dream was to establish what he called a "Window on the Baltic".
彼得最偉大的夢想就是建立所謂的"波羅的海之窗"
In Kievan-Rus's earliest days, Great Novgorod, although inland itself, had been a great center of Baltic sea trade.
在基輔羅斯早期，大諾夫哥羅德城雖然是個內陸城市，但已經是波羅的海地區的貿易重心
Ivan the Terrible had opened up the port of Arkhangelsk in 1553, but it was ice blocked half the year.
伊凡雷帝在1553年開放了阿爾漢格爾斯克港口，但是它有半年都被冰封住
Ivan's attempt to find a Baltic outlet resulted in the disastrous Livonian War.
伊凡想要在波羅的海周邊找一個出口，最終導致了可怕的立窩尼亞戰爭
