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Why? Because we cannot ignore the metaphorical meaning of words either.
這是為什么？因為我們同樣也不能忽視這些詞暗喻的意義。
One of the sentences was, "Some jobs are jails."
其中一句話是：“有些工作是監(jiān)獄”
Now, unless you're a prison guard, the sentence "Some jobs are jails" is literally false.
當(dāng)然，除非你是監(jiān)獄看守，“有些工作是監(jiān)獄”這句話字面上是錯的。
Sadly, it's metaphorically true.
不幸卻在暗喻上是對的
And the metaphorical truth interferes with our ability to identify it as literally false.
而暗喻上的真實干擾了我們的辨識能力，以至于難于區(qū)分字面上的真假。
Metaphor matters because it's around us every day, all the time.
暗喻很重要，因它隨時隨地，無處不在。
Metaphor matters because it creates expectations.
暗喻很重要，因它帶來期待
Pay careful attention the next time you read the financial news.
下次你看財經(jīng)新聞可要注意，
Agent metaphors describe price movements as the deliberate action of a living thing, as in, "The NASDAQ climbed higher."
擬人化的暗喻用來描述價格運(yùn)動，就像是有人有意那么做。比如：“NASDAQ指數(shù)攀至新高”
Object metaphors describe price movements as non-living things, as in, "The Dow fell like a brick."
擬物化的暗喻用物體來描述價格運(yùn)動，比如：'道瓊斯指數(shù)象磚頭一樣下跌。'
Researchers asked a group of people to read a clutch of market commentaries, and then predict the next day's price trend.
研究人員請一群人在讀了一些股評之后，來預(yù)測第二天的股價走勢。
Those exposed to agent metaphors had higher expectations that price trends would continue.
那些讀過擬人化暗喻的人更多地期待股價走勢會持續(xù)。
And they had those expectations because agent metaphors imply the deliberate action of a living thing pursuing a goal.
而他們這樣期待是由于擬人化的隱喻暗示了有人在刻意追逐一個目標(biāo)。
If, for example, house prices are routinely described as climbing and climbing,
如果房價總是被說成是不斷攀升，
higher and higher, people might naturally assume that that rise is unstoppable.
越走越高，人們自然會以為房價上升勢不可擋。
They may feel confident, say, in taking out mortgages they really can't afford.
他們會感覺良好，以至于背負(fù)超過支付能力的按揭。
That's a hypothetical example of course. But this is how metaphor misleads.
當(dāng)然這只是個虛構(gòu)的例子。但是暗喻確實會這樣誤導(dǎo)人。
Metaphor also matters because it influences decisions by activating analogies.
暗喻很重要，因為它通過激活類比機(jī)制來影響決策。
