評論
打印
At first detection of low water levels, sensory receptors in the brain's hypothalamus signal the release of antidiuretic hormone.
體內開始偵測到水分過低時，腦部下視丘的感應接收器就會發出訊號，通知釋放抗利尿激素。
When it reached the kidneys, it creates aquaporins,
當ADH抵達腎臟時會造成水孔蛋白，
special channels that enable blood to absorb and retain more water, leading to concentrated, dark urine.
一種特殊的通道使血液吸收并保留更多水分，造成濃縮及深褐色的尿液。
Increased dehydration can cause notable drops in energy, mood, skin moisture, and blood pressure, as well as signs of cognitive impairment.
脫水加重會造成明顯的精力減退、心情不振、皮膚變干、低血壓以及認知障礙的癥狀。
A dehydrated brain works harder to accomplish the same amount as a normal brain,
脫水的腦會比正常的腦更難完成同等份量的工作，
and it even temporarily shrinks because of its lack of water.
甚至會因為缺水而暫時萎縮。
Over-hydration, or hyponatremia, is usually caused by overconsumption of water in a short amount of time.
體內水分過多，也就是低鈉血癥，通常是因為短時間內攝取過多水分造成的。
Athletes are often the victims of over-hydration because of complications in regulating water levels in extreme physical conditions.
運動員通常是過度脫水的受害者，這是因為一些并發癥造成的。這些并發癥由極端身體情況下水含量的改變引起
Whereas the dehydrated brain amps up the production of antidiuretic hormone,
當脫水的大腦促進抗利尿激素生成時
the over-hydrated brain slows, or even stops, releasing it into the blood.
過度脫水的大腦會變慢，甚至停止運行，并把此激素釋放到血液中。
Sodium electrolytes in the body become diluted, causing cells to swell.
體內的電解質鈉被稀釋，造成細胞水腫。
In severe cases, the kidneys can't keep up with the resulting volumes of dilute urine.
嚴重的情況下腎臟會無法負荷大量被稀釋的尿液。
Water intoxication then occurs, possibly causing headache, vomiting, and, in rare instances, seizures or death.
水中毒隨之而發生可能導致頭痛、嘔吐，少數嚴重者甚至會痙攣或死亡。
But that's a pretty extreme situation.
但那是一種非常極端的狀況。
On a normal, day-to-day basis, maintaining a well-hydrated system is easy to manage
在一般日常生活中保持體內水平衡非常容易
for those of us fortunate enough to have access to clean drinking water.
對我們這些相當幸運可以取得干凈飲水的人而言。
