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If Russia let herself fall too far behind,
如果俄國落后太多
the Polls and the Swedes and the Germans could very well come back, perhaps for good!
波蘭人，瑞典人和德國人可能很快就卷土重來，可能就永遠不走了
In segment 18b: Rise of the Romanovs,
章節18b：羅曼諾夫王朝的崛起
the Zemsky Sobor elects the reluctant Mikhail Romanov, 16 year old son of the patriarch Filaret to serve as tsar Mikhail the First.
全俄羅斯縉紳會議推選大牧首菲拉列特的16歲兒子米哈伊爾·羅曼諾夫作為沙皇米哈伊爾一世
The dynasty Mikhail founded rule Russia for more than three centuries.
米哈伊爾建立的王朝統治俄羅斯超過3個世紀
The patriarch Filaret did most of the thinking during his son Mikhail's reign
在兒子的統治期間主要是大牧首菲拉列特在出謀劃策
reinforcing the close connection between the Orthodox Church and the Russia state.
不斷鞏固天主教與俄羅斯帝國之間的緊密聯系
Mikhail son, Alexseev, 1645 to 1676, faced political challenges,
米哈伊爾的兒子，阿列克謝依夫，在1645到1676年間，遇到了很多政治難題
such as renewal of the war with Sweden, renewal of the war with Poland, internal uprisings,
比如重燃與瑞典的戰火，重燃與波蘭的戰火，內部暴動
and the patriarch Nikon's reformation of the Russia Orthodox Church.
還有大牧首尼康的俄羅斯東正教改革
Nikon felt that Russian Orthodoxy had to be somehow purified, if Russia were to claim Byzantium role as successor to the Roman Empire.
尼康認為，如果俄羅斯想要贏得拜占庭的角色，作為羅馬帝國的繼承者，那么就必須凈化東正教
Even though he had Alexseev's support, Nikon's reform cost a lasting split in Russian culture.
雖然他有阿克列謝伊夫的支持，尼康的改革卻造成了俄羅斯文化的持久分裂
Segment 18c: Peter the Great
章節18c：彼得大帝
examines the career of Russia's most remarkable leader, tsar Peter the Great, 1682 to 1725.
在這一章里我們認識到俄羅斯最偉大的領袖——沙皇彼得大帝，1682到1725年在位
