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I'm here today to tell you that we are on the verge of another huge change,
我今天想要告訴各位，我們即將經歷另一次劇變，
and that this change, surprisingly enough, is going to come from manufacturing, again.
這次改變，出乎意料的是，也再次會從制造業開始。
It will get us out of our growth slump
它將使我們走出經濟的蕭條期，
and it will change radically the way globalization has been shaped over the last decade.
會從根本上改變過去十年全球化塑造的狀況。
I'm here to tell you about the amazing fourth manufacturing revolution that is currently underway.
現在我要告訴大家，第四次工業革命已經在發生了。
It's not as if we've done nothing with manufacturing since the last revolution.
這并不意味著，自上次工業革命以來我們沒有任何進步。
Actually, we've made some pretty lame attempts to try to revitalize it.
事實上，我們做了幾次努力，試圖重振工業經濟。
But none of them have been the big overhaul we really need to get us growing again.
但成效甚微，不足以讓經濟恢復增長。
For example, we've tried to relocate our factories offshore in order to reduce cost and take advantage of cheap labor.
比如說，我們曾試圖將工廠遷至海外，利用當地廉價勞動力，從而降低成本。
Not only did this not inspire productivity, but it only saved money for a short period of time,
但這不僅沒有提高生產力，還只是在短期內節省了成本，
because cheap labor didn't stay cheap for long.
因為廉價勞動力不會永遠廉價。
Then, we've tried to make our factories larger and we specialized them by product.
之后，我們還試圖把工廠做大，對每種產品進行專門化生產。
The idea was that we can make a lot of one product and stockpile it to be sold with demand.
這個想法是基于如果我們可以只做一種產品囤積起來以根據需求售賣。
This did help productivity for a while.
這個做法確實在一段時間內提高了生產力。
But it introduced a lot of rigidities in our supply chain. Let's take fashion retail.
但它讓我們的供應鏈非常死板。讓我們以服飾時尚零售業為例。
Traditional clothing companies have built offshore, global, rigid supply chains.
傳統的服裝企業建立了位于海外的，全球化的，僵化的供應鏈。
