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More to the point, the Boyars actively despised the Grand Princes autocratic rule and centralized government.
更重要的一點是，波雅爾相當鄙視大公的專制統治和中央集權政府
Seen in this light, Ivan the Third's marriage to a Byzantine princess
由此看來，伊凡三世和拜占庭公主的婚姻
and his adoption of Byzantine court rituals seems like an exercise in self preservation.
以及他采取拜占庭法庭的儀式，就好像是在自我保護
The Boyars wanted more of a voice in the state and sometimes they got it as when Ivan the Terrible was a pup.
波雅爾想要在國家中獲得更大的權力，當伊凡雷帝還在幼年時他們確實得到了
But they didn't keep it for long.
不過他們并沒有保持很久
The Oprichnina was primarily designed to terrify the Boyars into submission, and it worked.
沙皇禁苑Oprichnina最初用來恐嚇波雅爾臣服，這的確有效
3, Rule of law and the class system.
三，法律條文和等級系統
In Russia, the law seems to have been used as something to keep the various classes in their places.
在俄羅斯，法律可能是一種能夠讓不同的階級各司其職工具
Most notably it became harder and harder to serfs to relocate from one master to another.
最顯著的便是奴隸很難易主
Due to the climate, Russian farmland was neither abundant nor fertile.
由于氣候影響，俄國的農田既不高產，也不肥沃
And it didn't really produce enough to let peasants live comfortably.
沒有充足的產量讓農民舒適地生活
Ivan the Terrible was the first to send explorers into Siberia, but the mass settlement of Siberia such as it ever was, was pretty long off.
伊凡雷帝是第一個派出探險家造訪西伯利亞的，但西伯利亞人的大規模安置還要很長時間
Agrieved peasants could always escape south to join the Kazaks on the fertile steppe land of what is now Ukraine,
貧苦的農民總是向南逃跑到哈薩克肥沃的草原，也就是現在的烏克蘭
the Kazaks lived in freedom under an elected head man.
在一個選出來的首領的領導下，哈薩克人自由地生活
They combined a love of farming with a love of fighting, sort of an agricultural version of America's Wild Wild West.
他們把對農業的愛與對戰爭的愛結合起來，這有點像美國蠻荒西部的農業版
