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Finally, there was the utter unscrupulousness of Moscow's grand princes.
最后，莫斯科大公絕對(duì)的不擇手段
They sucked up to the Golden Hoard to keep the coveted yarlyk, and they hung on to as much of the tribute money as they could.
他們巴結(jié)金帳汗軍以保住夢(mèng)寐以求的yarlik，盡可能多的套住稅銀
They picked off minor principalities one by one and worked their way up to the big cheese, Novgorod the Great.
他們逐一吞并小的公國(guó)，最后成為大公國(guó)——大諾夫哥羅德公國(guó)
Once the land was gathered, whether conquered, inherited, or purchased,
一旦獲得了土地，無(wú)論是征服得來(lái)還是繼承或購(gòu)買得來(lái)
the new territory became, like everything else, the property of the Grand Prince.
新的領(lǐng)土，像其他一切事物一樣，成為大公的財(cái)產(chǎn)
The upper classes had it easier than the peasants,
上層階級(jí)比農(nóng)民更容易獲得財(cái)富
but everything and everyone was the property of the Grand Prince or later the Tsar.
但是每個(gè)人，每件事都是大公或者是后來(lái)的沙皇的財(cái)產(chǎn)
2, All the kings men.
二，普天之下莫非王土
The upper classes had their discontents.
上層階級(jí)也有不滿
Nobles especially the wealthiest nobles called Boyars were expected to produce, provide the Grand Prince with troops.
貴族，尤其是最有錢的波雅爾貴族，他們會(huì)給大公供給軍隊(duì)
In return, they were supposedly allowed to have enough land to provide them with the necessary livelihood.
反過(guò)來(lái)他們應(yīng)該允許擁有充足的土地來(lái)維持必要的生計(jì)
This was often not quite enough for the Boyars.
這經(jīng)常對(duì)于波雅爾來(lái)說(shuō)是不夠的
The Grand Princes trace their ancestry back to Rurik, but they were, a very junior branch of the Rurik family tree.
大公的祖先可以追溯到留里克，但是他們是留里克家族中不太重要的一支
Some of the Boyars came from far more important branches and did not appreciate being rules by a lesser branch.
一些波雅爾來(lái)自于更重要的支系，并不愿意被不太重要的支系統(tǒng)治
