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美國學生歷史 第138期:安德魯·杰克遜的任期(4)

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He sent ships and soldiers to Charleston and ordered the collector of that port to collect the duties. He then asked Congress to give him greater power. And Congress passed the Force Bill, giving him the power he asked for. The South Carolinians, on their part, suspended the nullification ordinance and thus avoided an armed conflict with "old Hickory," as his admirers called Jackson.

杰克森派軍艦和士兵到達查理斯頓并命令海關的收稅員收稅,隨后他要求國會給他更大的權力,于是國會通過《權利法案》以給他所要求的權力,南卡羅萊納州的人則停止廢除法令的做法,這樣就避免了與"老核桃"的一次武裝沖突(仰慕杰克森的人把他叫做"老核桃")。
307. The Compromise Tariff, 1833.
307.折中關稅(1833年)
The nullifiers really gained a part of the battle, for the tariff law of 1832 was repealed. In its place Congress passed what was called the Compromise Tariff. This compromise was the work of Henry Clay, the peacemaker. Under it the duties were to be gradually lowered until, in 1842, they would be as low as they were by the Tariff Act of 1816.
那些主張廢棄關稅的人實際上取得了一點勝利,因為1832年的關稅被取消了,國會代之以所謂的《折中關稅》,這折中由和事佬亨利o克雷完成。根據這個折中,關稅將被逐漸降低,到1842年,這些關稅將和1816年《關稅法案》所規定的情形一樣低。
308. The Second United States Bank.
308.第二家美國銀行
Nowadays anyone with enough money can open a national bank under the protection of the government at Washington. At this time, however, there was one great United States Bank. Its headquarters were at Philadelphia and it had branches all over the country. Jackson, like Jefferson, had very grave doubts as to the power of the national government to establish such a bank. Its size and its prosperity alarmed him. Moreover, the stockholders and managers, for the most part, were his political opponents. The United States Bank also interfered seriously with the operations of the state banks-some ·f which were managed by Jackson's friends. The latter urged him on to destroy the United States Bank, and he determined to destroy it.
現在,任何一個有錢人都可以在華盛頓政府的保護下開辦國家銀行,然而,這時有一家大的美國國家銀行,其總部在費城并且在全國各地都有分行。杰克森與杰斐遜一樣非常懷疑國民政府創建這樣一家銀行的能力,它的規模和繁榮讓他感到驚慌,而且,大多數股份持有者和經紀人都是他政治上的敵人。美國銀行還極力干涉各個州銀行的運作,其中一些州銀行由杰克森的朋友掌管。各個州銀行急切地要求他毀掉美國國家銀行,于是杰克森決定毀掉國家銀行。

重點單詞   查看全部解釋    
tariff ['tærif]

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n. 關稅,價目表
vt. 交關稅

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clay [klei]

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n. 粘土,泥土
n. (人的)肉體

 
suspended

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adj. 懸浮的;暫停的,緩期的(宣判)

 
determined [di'tə:mind]

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adj. 堅毅的,下定決心的

 
collector [kə'lektə]

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n. 收集家,收稅員

 
compromise ['kɔmprəmaiz]

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n. 妥協,折衷,折衷案
vt. 妥協處理,危

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protection [prə'tekʃən]

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n. 保護,防衛

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grave [greiv]

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n. 墳墓,墓穴
adj. 嚴肅的,嚴重的,莊

 
alarmed

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adj. 受驚的;焦慮的;驚恐的 v. 報警(alarm

 
collect [kə'lekt]

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v. 收集,聚集
v. 推論

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