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Now, many events can be subject to either construal,
許多時候我們都有理解偏差
kind of like the classic figure-ground reversal illusions,
類似于經典的“形象-背景”顛倒的幻術
in which you can either pay attention to the particular object,
你要么吧注意力放在某個物體上
in which case the space around it recedes from attention,
使周圍的空間從注意力中退去
or you can see the faces in the empty space, in which case the object recedes out of consciousness.
要么你集中注意觀察空間的構造，這樣前景中的物體就從意識中退去
How are these construals reflected in language?
這些理解如何反應在語言當中？
Well, in both cases, the thing that is construed as being affected is expressed as the direct object, the noun after the verb.
在兩種情況里，那個被解釋為受影響的東西被表達成了直接賓語：動詞之后的名詞。
So, when you think of the event as causing the muffin to go somewhere --
當你想到“使蛋糕去某處”時
where you're doing something to the muffin -- you say, "Give the muffin to the mouse."
當你對蛋糕實施動作時，你說：“Give the muffin to the mouse.”
When you construe it as "cause the mouse to have something," you're doing something to the mouse,
當你理解成“使老鼠擁有某物”，你對老鼠實施動作
and therefore you express it as, "Give the mouse the muffin."
所以你把它表達成：“Give the mouse the muffin.”
So which verbs go in which construction -- the problem with which I began --
所以，在哪個構式里用哪個動詞，我一開始提出的問題
depends on whether the verb specifies a kind of motion or a kind of possession change.
取決于動詞是否指出某種運動，或者某種所有權的變化
To give something involves both causing something to go and causing someone to have.
"給出某物“當中包含"使某物前往"，也包含”使某人擁有“
To drive the car only causes something to go, because Chicago's not the kind of thing that can possess something.
開車只能使某物走開，因為芝加哥不是那種能擁有某物的東西。
Only humans can possess things.
只有人才能擁有東西。
And to give someone a headache causes them to have the headache,
“令人頭痛”使人具有頭痛
but it's not as if you're taking the headache out of your head
但你并不會把頭痛從手里給出去
and causing it to go to the other person, and implanting it in them.
讓它到另一個人那里去，然后再放進對方腦袋里。
You may just be loud or obnoxious, or some other way causing them to have the headache.
你只可能是說話太大聲，或者討人厭，或者用其他的方法使對方頭疼。
So, that's an example of the kind of thing that I do in my day job.
所以，這是我工作內容的一個例子。
