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The British Association would later be the first
英國科學進步協會也是后來
of the major national science organizations in the world to admit women as full members.
第一個接收女性成為正式會員的主流國家學術團體。
Up to the 19th century, natural philosophers were expected to pay for their own equipment and supplies.
上至19世紀，自然哲學家是需要自己支付實驗設備和物資的。
Occasionally, there were prizes, such as that given to John Harrison in the 18th century,
偶爾會有獎金，如約翰·哈里森在18世紀的時候
for solving the so-called longitude problem,
解決了所謂的“經度問題”而獲得的獎金，
but prizes were only given after the fact, when they were given at all.
但是僅僅當工作完成之后才能獲得全部的獎金。
On the advice of the philosophical breakfast club,
在哲學早餐俱樂部的建議下，
the British Association began to use the extra money generated by its meetings to give grants
英國進步科學協會開始利用舉辦會議時多出來的錢
for research in astronomy, the tides, fossil fish, shipbuilding, and many other areas.
贊助天文學、潮汐、魚類化石、造船業和其它很多領域的研究。
These grants not only allowed less wealthy men to conduct research,
這些基金不僅讓不那么富有的人也能參與到科學研究中來，
but they also encouraged thinking outside the box,
還鼓勵人們尋找新挑戰，
rather than just trying to solve one pre-set question.
而不是去解決預置好的問題。
Eventually, the Royal Society and the scientific societies of other countries followed suit,
最終，皇家協會和其他國家的科學團體都開始效仿，
and this has become -- fortunately it's become -- a major part of the scientific landscape today.
并且成為--很幸運的--今天科學研究領域的基礎形式。
So the philosophical breakfast club helped invent the modern scientist.
哲學早餐俱樂部幫助創造了現代科學家。
That's the heroic part of their story. There's a flip side as well.
這是他們的英雄故事。當然凡事都有反面。
They did not foresee at least one consequence of their revolution.
至少有一件事情是他們當時沒有預見到的。
They would have been deeply dismayed by today's disjunction between science and the rest of culture.
如果他們看到今天科學和其他大眾文化的分離，他們或許會深深失望。
