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Yet Justinian's imperialist program of conquering back the Roman Empire was destined to fail.
但是查士丁尼企圖征服羅馬帝國的野心注定要失敗。
Soon after his death Italy and Africa fell back into Western hands.
他死后不久意大利和非洲就又落入了西方國家手中。
Worse, Justinian left no clear successor to rule and the Eastern Empire completely surrounded by enemies.
更糟的是查士丁尼并沒有明確指定繼任者而當時的東羅馬帝國可謂四面受敵。
To the West were the States of the former Western Empire and later The Crusaders.
西邊開始有西羅馬帝國，后又有十字軍。
To the North were the Slavs, the Vikings and other ferocious peoples.
北有斯拉夫人 維京人以及其他的野蠻民族。
To the East was the ancient and menacing Persian Empire and to the South and South East were the upcoming Arabs.
東有古老險惡的波斯帝國，南方和東南方是正在崛起的阿拉伯人。
Up to the 7th century AD the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula were harmless Nomads.
直到7世紀，阿拉伯半島上的部落還是無害的游牧民族。
But the founding of the Islamic faith in the early 6th century also united the Arab tribes culturally and politically.
但是隨著六世紀伊斯蘭教的創立，各部落在文化政治上團結了起來
After the death of Mohammed in 632 AD, the Muslim Arabs would become the Byzantine Arabs biggest immediate threat.
公元632年穆罕默德死后，穆斯林阿拉伯人就成為了拜占庭阿拉伯人最大的直接威脅。
Islamic kingdoms would remain a threat until the Ottoman Turks finally captured Constantinople in 1453.
伊斯蘭國家直到奧斯曼土耳其人在1453年占領君士坦丁堡前始終是個威脅。
One result of the Byzantine Empire's being surrounded by enemies was that it became more and more isolated from Western Europe.
拜占庭帝國之所以腹背受敵一個重要的原因就是它漸漸脫離了西歐。
