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Chapter 20
第20章
Rise of Political Parties
政治黨派的出現
207. The Federalists.
207．聯邦黨
There were no political parties in the United States in 1789. All the leading men were anxious to give the new Constitution a fair trial. Even Patrick Henry supported Washington. Many men, as Alexander Hamilton and Gouverneur Morris, believed a monarchy to be the best form of government. But they saw clearly that the American people would not permit a monarchy to be established. So they supported the Constitution although they thought that it was "a frail and worthless fabric." But they wished to establish the strongest possible government that could be established under the Constitution. This they could do by defining in the broadest way the doubtful words in the Constitution as Hamilton had done in the controversy over the bank charter. Hamilton had little confidence in the wisdom of the plain people. He believed it would be safer to rely on the richer classes. So he and his friends wished to give to the central government and to the richer classes the greatest possible amount of power. Those who believed as Hamilton believed called themselves Federalists. In reality they were Nationalists.
1789年美國不存在政治黨派，所有的領導者都迫切想嘗試依照《憲法》秉公辦事，即使帕特里克o亨利也支持華盛頓。許多人（如亞歷山大o漢米爾頓和高文紐爾o莫瑞斯）相信君主制是政府的最好形式，但是，他們清醒地看到美國人民不會允許建立一個君主國，因此，盡管認為《憲法》是"一個脆弱而毫無價值的捏造物"，他們還是支持憲法，但他們希望根據憲法創建一個盡可能強大的政府，像漢米爾頓在對待銀行法案中的矛盾那樣，他們以最寬宏大量的方式解釋那些存疑的語詞。漢米爾頓幾乎不對普通人的智慧抱有任何信心，他相信依賴相對富足階層的人會更為安全些，因此，漢米爾頓希望給中央政府和相對富有的階級以最大可能的權力，那些和漢米爾頓有同樣想法的人自稱為"聯邦黨"，他們實際上是"國家主義者"。
