評論
打印
Now, many of you might worry that the notion of well-being is truly undefined,
或許在你們之中，有許多人會擔心這所謂的幸福該如何界定
and seemingly perpetually open to be re-construed.
這似乎沒有一定的標準
And so, how therefore can there be an objective notion of well-being?
而且，怎么可能有一種完全客觀的人身幸福的標準存在呢？
Well, consider by analogy, the concept of physical health.
如果是這樣，難道因為對身體健康的概念
The concept of physical health is undefined.
沒有一個真正的定論
As we just heard from Michael Specter, it has changed over the years.
如同Michael Specter適才說道，這些概念也會改變
When this statue was carved the average life expectancy was probably 30.
在這個雕像產生的年代，人類的平均壽命是30
It's now around 80 in the developed world.
現在已發展國家的平均壽命是80
There may come a time when we meddle with our genomes in such a way that not being able to run a marathon
也許有一天，因為我們對基因的研究，
at age 200 will be considered a profound disability.
200歲不能跑馬拉松是一種殘疾
People will send you donations when you're in that condition.
如果你有這種狀況，人們會捐錢給你
Notice that the fact that the concept of health is open, genuinely open for revision, does not make it vacuous.
我們知道健康的觀念會改變，隨時都可以重新思考，這不代表這些討論是毫無意義的
The distinction between a healthy person and a dead one
一個健康的人和一個死人之間的差別
is about as clear and consequential as any we make in science.
在科學或理論里是一樣的
Another thing to notice is there may be many peaks on the moral landscape:
另外一個該注意的事情是道德地圖上雖然有很多山巔
There may be equivalent ways to thrive;
是有可能可以一起努力
there may be equivalent ways to organize a human society so as to maximize human flourishing.
一起找出一個管理人類社會的方法，一起找出最大的幸福
Now, why wouldn't this undermine an objective morality?
為什么我們不能將這個當作客觀道德的基礎？
Well think of how we talk about food:
想象我們討論食物的方式
I would never be tempted to argue to you that there must be one right food to eat.
我永遠不會和你爭辯人類應該有吃的自由
