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Friedrich Hegel
弗里德里希·黑格爾
Hegel was born in Stuttgart on August 27,1770, the son of an official. Urged by his pietist father to enter the clergy, he registered in the Tubingen Lutheran seminary in 1788. A fair student, Hegel generally preferred the conviviality of cafes and country walks to scholarly asceticism. His love of wine and company, and his interest in practical political matters prevailed over the stern demands of a religious calling. Nevertheless, he studied philosophy for two years.
黑格爾于1770年8月27日出生于斯圖加特，其父親是一名官員，也是一位虔誠的教徒。在父親的強烈要求下，黑格爾1788年加入了路德會宗教研討會。當時的黑格爾是一名單純的學生，他不喜歡學術研究，卻喜歡酒吧里歡愉的氣氛和鄉村小路上的安靜舒適。他喜歡美酒和朋友，也熱心討論時政話題，只是對宗教的刻板要求毫無興趣。但是，他學習了兩年的哲學。
In 1797 Hegel became a private tutor in Frankfurt. His employer owned a fine library and allowed him time to be with friends. Most importantly, he had time to write. Hegel’s father died in 1799，leaving a legacy that enabled Hegel to leave tutoring and prepare seriously for an academic career.
1797年，黑格爾到法蘭克福做了一名私人教師。雇主家里藏書很多，也給他時間與朋友交談，更重要的是，他有時間可以寫點東西。黑格爾的父親1799年去世，他也因此得到了一大筆遺產，這些遺產使黑格爾可以不用再教書，可以專心致志做學問了。
In 1801 Hegel also submitted a Latin dissertation on the orbits of the planets and consequently was granted the right to teach in any German university. He began to give lectures at Jena and eventually became one of the better-known lecturers.
1801年，黑格爾完成了一篇拉丁語的論文，這篇論文討論了宇宙間各個星體運行的軌道。結果因為這篇論文，黑格爾被邀請可以到德國任何一所大學授課。他經常到耶拿大學做演講，成了當地小有名氣的演說家。
While at Jena the idea of a wholly reconciling philosophy was gestating in Hegel’s mind. It came to fruition in 1806 as the dense but exciting work Phnomenologie des Geistes (Phenomenology of Spirit), which compares the dialectical stages of historical development with the individual’s growth with regard to a concept that Hegel called Spirit. The entire book was written in haste and was completed on October 13, the very day Napoleon and his troops occupied Jena.
早在耶拿大學教書的時候，完全調和哲學的思想就在黑格爾的心中具備了雛型，但直到1806年才完全成熟。那一年，黑格爾發表了《精神現象學》，比較了歷史發展與個人成長的辯證關系，并引入了 “精神”這一概念。書草草寫成，在10月13曰那天成稿，碰巧的是， 拿破侖也在那天占領了耶拿市。
Since the university was in disarray and his own financial situation desperate, Hegel arranged to become editor of the Bamberger Zeitung. In 1816, Hegel was called to the University of Heidelberg. Then in 1817, he published The Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline, a summary of his system.
大學里一片混亂，黑格爾自己也窮困潦倒，他只得到班貝格日報當了一名編輯。1816年，黑格爾調到了海德爾堡大學。1817年，他出版了一本名為《百科全書哲學和科學的批判性寫作大綱》，總結了自己的哲學思想。
At the end of 1831, cholera spread in Europe and Hegel couldn’t survive it.
1831年底，整個歐洲霍亂流行，黑格爾也沒能幸免。
