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But even there, there're times when you can be surprised, by the way parties there and their candidates campaigned
但你可能會對一些大選中兩黨及其候選人競選的方式和立場感到驚訝
Other aspects as liberal conservative ideology are all over the map changing from period to period
至于是自由還是保守，兩黨的選擇一直在變
There certainly were times when democratic party was more conservative by many measures than the republican party
歷史上的確有過民主黨比共和黨在很多方面都更保守的時候
So we see the shifting ideology landscape shifting underneath
所以我們看到兩黨意識形態的變化，根本上的改變
The feed of the political parties which sometimes can lead to some confusions
政黨的費用來源也一直是個謎
as to which party is in favor which position what areas they got their support from
這與支持他們的人的地位和青睞他們的地區有關
One thing that we can certainly see is that there are enduring geographical patterns to U.S presidential campaigns
一個可以確定的事實是美國總統選情有固定的地理分布
At the largest scale, the pattern has been one of north versus south
范圍最大時曾形成南北對抗的格局
With the center states mid-Atlantic states and then into the states
而一些中部州、大西洋中岸的州和伊利諾伊
like Illinois, Indiana and Ohio had in sort of a swing position
印第安納，俄亥俄等州則在兩黨間搖擺
that's very long standing
這種格局存在了很久
and then the west has often occupied its own position
西部常常自成一派
sometimes allying itself with the south
, sometimes a little bit with the north and sometimes disappearing
有時與南部聯合，有時又拉攏北方各州，也曾瓦解
Sometimes forming a region of its own
而后又形成統一的區域
There are periods in the U.S. electoral history when there has been strong differeciation by region
美國大選的歷史上曾有過地域間形成強烈差異的時期
Political scientists called it the sectionalism
政治學家將其稱為派系主義
Geographers would more tend to call it regionalism
地理學家將其稱為地方主義
