China is plunging full speed ahead on railway construction, as the country’s top economic planner announced this Wednesday that China will expand its high-speed railway network by 58 percent in the next five years. By 2030, 16 high-speed railway corridors are expected to connect major Chinese cities, totaling 45,000 kilometers of track. But some experts are skeptical about the true ability of high-speed trains to drive China’s economy.
中國(guó)鐵路建設(shè)大提速，國(guó)家發(fā)改委于周三對(duì)外公布，未來(lái)五年內(nèi)，中國(guó)的高鐵網(wǎng)將擴(kuò)展58%。截止到2030年，16條高鐵走廊將實(shí)現(xiàn)主要城市全覆蓋，完成高速鐵路4.5萬(wàn)公里目標(biāo)。關(guān)于高鐵是否真能促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，許多專(zhuān)家持懷疑態(tài)度。
China’s high-speed railway network is the largest in the world, with 19,000 kilometers of track at the end of 2015. Fei Zhirong, an official at the National Development and Reform Commission, announced on July 20 that China will expand the network to connect all provincial capitals and cities with more than 500,000 people by 2030.
中國(guó)高鐵網(wǎng)是世界之最，截止到去年年底，高速鐵路已達(dá)到1.9萬(wàn)公里。7月20日，來(lái)自國(guó)家發(fā)改委的費(fèi)志榮表示，到2030年之前，中國(guó)高鐵將連通所有省會(huì)城市，以及人口在50萬(wàn)以上的大中城市。
China has ramped up its investment in high-speed rail over the last several years, hoping that railroad construction will create jobs and boost the domestic economy. Over the next five years, the government will pump 3.8 trillion yuan, or around US$ 569 billion, into constructing the expanded network.
在過(guò)去幾年間，中國(guó)加大高鐵投資建設(shè)，希望通過(guò)鐵路建設(shè)增加就業(yè)，促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。在未來(lái)五年內(nèi)，政府將注資3.8萬(wàn)億（約5690億美元）擴(kuò)大鐵路建設(shè)。
According to a 2014 analysis by the World Bank, China currently spends between US$ 17 million and US$ 21 million per kilometer of new high-speed rail line. This is at least twice as much as the country spends on ordinary rail lines. Zhao Jian, an economics professor at Beijing Jiaotong University, said that most of China’s high-speed rail lines are losing money, making it difficult for railway companies to pay back debt.
據(jù)世界銀行2014年分析報(bào)告指出，中國(guó)每公里高鐵建設(shè)費(fèi)在1700萬(wàn)-2100萬(wàn)美元之間。費(fèi)用至少是建造普通鐵路的兩倍。北京交通大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授趙健表示，中國(guó)的多數(shù)高鐵是在賠錢(qián)，許多鐵路公司沒(méi)錢(qián)支付債務(wù)。
But the Chinese campaign for high-speed rail expansion isn’t losing any steam. The government will encourage the China Railway Corporation, the country’s railway operator, to expand bond issuance to finance investment over the next five years, Fei Zhirong said. And although efforts to build high-speed rail lines in other countries, most recently a planned line between Southern California and Las Vegas, have fallen through in recent years, other efforts have been more successful. China plans to build a 770-kilometer high-speed rail line in Russia as part of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. And a Chinese firm began construction on a 140-kilometer line in Indonesia earlier this year.
但中國(guó)的鐵路建設(shè)并沒(méi)有因此而減弱。據(jù)費(fèi)志榮表示，政府鼓勵(lì)中國(guó)鐵路總公司（鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商）在未來(lái)五年發(fā)行債券，為建造鐵路注資。近些年，中國(guó)高鐵外國(guó)建屢遭失敗，最近一次是連接南加州和拉斯維加斯的鐵路項(xiàng)目，但也經(jīng)歷了許多次成功。中國(guó)計(jì)劃為俄羅斯建造一條全長(zhǎng)770公里的高鐵，此舉也是“一帶一路”建設(shè)的一部分。今年年初，中國(guó)承建了印尼高鐵項(xiàng)目，全長(zhǎng)140公里。
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