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101.Capture of Quebec, 1759.
101.攻陷魁北克（1759年）
Of all the younger generals James Wolfe was foremost. To him was given the task of capturing Quebec. Seated on a high bluff, Quebec could not be captured from the river. The only way to approach it was to gain the Plains of Abraham in its rear and besiege it on the land side. Again and again Wolfe sent his men to storm the bluffs below the town. Every time they failed. Wolfe felt that he must give up the task, when he was told that a path led from the river to the top of the bluff above the town. Putting his men into boats, they gained the path in the darkness of night. There was a guard at the top of the bluff, but the officer in command was a coward and ran away. In the morning the British army was drawn up on the Plains of Abraham. The French now attacked the British, and a fierce battle took place. The result was doubtful when Wolfe led a charge at the head of the Louisburg Grenadiers. He was killed, but the French were beaten. Five days later Quebec surrendered. Montreal was captured in 1760, and in 1763the war came to an end.
在所有青年將領(lǐng)中，詹姆斯o沃爾夫是最年輕的， 他的任務(wù)是奪取魁北克。不可能沿河而上奪取魁北克， 它坐落在高高斷崖之上， 唯一的進(jìn)路是奪得它背后的亞伯拉罕平原，從陸地上包圍他。 沃爾夫一次次派兵猛攻魁北克下面的斷崖，一次次以失敗告終 。當(dāng)知道有一條從大河通往魁北克上面崖頂?shù)穆窌r， 沃爾夫覺得必須放棄進(jìn)攻， 他讓士兵們在夜幕的掩護(hù)下沿河而上，崖頂有一個哨兵， 但是負(fù)責(zé)指揮的軍官是一個懦夫，他落荒而逃。早晨， 不列顛軍隊在亞伯拉罕平原受阻，法軍馬上開始攻擊不列顛人 ，一場殘酷的戰(zhàn)斗拉開大幕。 在沃爾夫沖在路易斯保精銳部隊前面發(fā)起沖鋒時， 戰(zhàn)爭勝負(fù)難料。沃爾夫陣亡，但是法國人戰(zhàn)敗， 五天后魁北克投降，1760年蒙特利爾失陷，1763年戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束。
102.Peace of Paris, 1763.
102．《巴黎和約》（1763年）
By this great treaty, or set of treaties, the French withdrew from the continent of North America. To Spain, who had lost Florida, the French gave the island of New Orleans and all of Louisiana west of the Mississippi. To Great Britain the French gave up all the rest of their American possessions except two small islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Spain, on her part, gave up Florida to the British. There were now practically only two powers in America,-the British in the eastern part of the continent, and the Spaniards west of the Mississippi. The Spaniards also owned the island of New Orleans and controlled both sides of the river for more than a hundred miles from its mouth. But the treaty gave the British the free navigation of the Mississippi throughout its length.
根據(jù)這個偉大的條約，或者說根據(jù)這一條約， 法國人從北美洲到西班牙之間的大陸撤出， 西班牙已經(jīng)失去佛羅里達(dá)， 法國將新奧爾良島和密西西比河以西所有屬于路易斯安那的土 地交給西班牙。除了圣勞倫斯灣中的兩個小島， 法國人將他們在美洲的所有殖民地割讓給大不列顛。 西班牙則放棄佛羅里達(dá)，將它交給不列顛?，F(xiàn)在， 實(shí)際上美洲只有兩股力量-- 東部的英國人和密西西比河西部的西班牙人。 西班牙人還擁有新奧爾良的島嶼， 并控制著從密西西比河入?？谝陨弦话俣嗬镅睾觾砂?，但是， 這個條約給英國人以自由航行于整個密西西比河的權(quán)力。
