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I started both of these studies because they were interesting research questions
我進(jìn)行這些研究，不僅是因?yàn)樗鼈兒苡腥?/div>
but they both became very personal issues for me
還因?yàn)檫@也是我的個(gè)人問題
as I thought about my own health and the health of my family as well
我要考慮自己同家人的健康
So, let's start with this question
從這個(gè)問題開始吧
What is the leading cause of death among women in the US?
美國女性死亡的最大致死原因是什么
I know hopefully you all know this that it is heart disease and stroke
但愿你們都知道答案是心臟病和中風(fēng)
We are doing a better job educating women about the importance of heart disease and stroke
關(guān)于心臟病和中風(fēng)的重要性對女性的教育工作，已經(jīng)比原來好多了
In this graph, you can see on the far left up your screen
從圖中最左側(cè)可以看到
that the number of women who correctly answer this question has gone up
能夠正確回答該問題的女性人數(shù)明顯增加
And it's about at 55% of women
大約有55%的女性
correctly identify heart disease and stroke as the leading cause of death
正確認(rèn)識到心臟病和中風(fēng)是主要致死原因
There's a long way to go. This is about 50%, right?
還有很長的路要走，只有50%
More women recognize that heart disease and stroke is the leading cause of death among men
更多女性認(rèn)為心臟病和中風(fēng)是男性的最主要死因
So there's still a way to go from this
所以說，還有很長的路要走
being perceived as a men's only disease to really women recognizing this is a set of diseases
需要讓女性意識到這種疾病不只是男性專有的，
that are issued for them as well
它對女性同樣重要
The numbers are a little lower when we think about women correctly identifying the levels of these important risk factors for cardiovascular disease
女性中，能正確了解這些心血管疾病重要危險(xiǎn)因素的人數(shù)就更少了
blood pressure
血壓
HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and blood sugar
HDL膽固醇 LDL膽固醇及血糖
are all important factors that play into your risk for cardiovascular disease
這些都是心血管疾病相關(guān)的重要因素
And far fewer women know the correct levels of the levels we should be aiming for here
更少有女性知道應(yīng)該保持怎樣的正確水平
So we talked a little bit about these risk factors
以上簡要說了下危險(xiǎn)因素
all factors that play into your likelihood of developing a heart disease or stroke
這些因素都與心腦血管疾病發(fā)病率密切相關(guān)
It's nice to know that some of these risk factors are actually on the decline in the US
在美國，其中一些危險(xiǎn)因素正呈下降趨勢
So there is some good news here
這是很好的消息
There are these graphs show trends over time in these risk factors
這是部分危險(xiǎn)因素的趨勢圖
and you can see here
可以看到
that we have fewer smokers in the US than we had in the past
美國的煙民比原來少些了
And we've had lower levels of cholesterol than we've had in the past
膽固醇水平比原來低很多了
So from the perspective of how we're doing on a population level
就人口總體水平而言
we have many more people who have better levels of cholesterol and who are non-smokers
膽固醇水平改善，吸煙者減少
The bad news is that other risk factors have actually started to go up
壞消息是，其它風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素正在上升
We have more diabetes. Many, many more men and women have diabetes
越來越多的人患有糖尿病，包括男性和女性
Women can have diabetes at any age
女性任何年齡都能患糖尿病
And the ages at the start of type 2 diabetes are moving to younger ages
2型糖尿病呈現(xiàn)出年輕化趨勢
So we're starting to see this in teenagers as well
十幾歲的青少年都開始患病
Women are at risk of diabetes
女性存在糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
or blood sugar problems during pregnancy which is called gestational diabetes
懷孕期間血糖問題被稱作妊娠糖尿病
and that puts them at risk for having a future diabetes as well even after the pregnancy ends
這讓女性生產(chǎn)后，有繼續(xù)患糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
and up to 10% of pregnancies are associated with gestational diabetes
大概10%的懷孕都伴有妊娠糖尿病
