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After a lethal 1995 heat wave
在歷經了1995年致命熱浪侵襲后，
turned refrigerator trucks from the popular Taste of Chicago festival into makeshift morgues,
它將那些在芝加哥美食慶典的冷藏車轉換成臨時搭建的停尸間
Chicago became a recognized leader,
芝加哥成為大家公認的綠能都市的領導者
tamping down on the urban heat island impact through opening cooling centers,
將原本熱浪對沖擊現代都市，藉由開放的冷卻中心
outreach to vulnerable neighborhoods, planting trees, creating cool white or vegetated green roofs.
藉由種植樹木，建造不易吸收熱的冷白屋頂及散熱較佳植物綠化能屋頂
This is City Hall's green roof, next to Cook County's roof,
照片上是市政府的綠能屋頂，旁邊這張圖則是庫克郡市府的屋頂
which is 77 degrees Fahrenheit hotter at the surface.
沒覆蓋到綠化屋頂的表面溫度，相較之下高了77度
Washington, D.C., last year, actually led the nation in new green roofs installed
華盛頓在去年實際上帶領了這個國家建立綠色屋頂，
and they're funding this in part thanks to a five-cent tax on plastic bags.
而他們也通過5分錢的塑料袋稅收來為這項工程提供資金。
They're splitting the cost of installing these green roofs with home and building owners.
他們同時與家庭和建筑所有者共同分擔建設綠色屋頂的費用。
The roofs not only temper urban heat island impact
這種屋頂不僅能調節城市熱島效應
but they save energy, and therefore money,
同時還能節約能源，金錢
the emissions that cause climate change, and they also reduce stormwater run off.
以及減少溫室氣體，同時也能起到排水效果。
So some solutions to heat can provide for win-win-wins.
因此有些解決酷暑的手段能夠帶來雙贏
Third, adapting to rising seas.
第三點，適應海平面上升
Sea level rise threatens coastal ecosystems, agriculture, even major cities.
海平面上升威脅沿海地區生態，農業系統，甚至主要城市。
This is what one to two meters of sea level rise looks like in the Mekong Delta.
照片里的是湄公河三角洲在海平面從一公尺上升到兩公尺后的樣貌
That's where half of Vietnam's rice is grown.
那里是越南一半糧食的產地。
Infrastructure is going to be affected.
基礎設施將會被影響。
Airports around the world are located on the coast.
通往全世界的機場就建立在這里
It makes sense, right? There's open space,
這很合理，對吧？因為這里是一片空地
the planes can take off and land without worrying about creating noise or avoiding tall buildings.
飛機可以起飛降落，而不用擔心產生噪音或去躲避高樓大廈。
Here's just one example, San Francisco Airport, with 16 inches or more of flooding.
這里只是一個例子，舊金山機場，受16英尺左右的洪水泛濫襲擊。
Imagine the staggering cost of protecting this vital infrastructure with levees.
想像一下用于保護重要基礎設施的堤壩的費用。
But there might be some changes in store that you might not imagine.
但是與此同時可能有你不能預測的變化。
For example, planes require more runway for takeoff because the heated, less dense air, provides for less lift.
比如，飛機需要更多的跑道去起飛，因為熱空氣造成空氣密度下降，提供較少的爬升空間
San Francisco is also spending 40 million dollars to rethink and redesign its water and sewage treatment,
舊金山還花費四千萬美元去反思和重建下水道處理系統。
as water outfall pipes like this one can be flooded with seawater,
因為像這樣的排水渠口也可能被海水淹沒，
causing backups at the plant, harming the bacteria that are needed to treat the waste.
從而危害植物，滋生細菌。需要建立設施來處理這些浪費。
So these outfall pipes have been retrofitted to shut seawater off from entering the system.
因此需要更新這些排水管道，防止海水進入排水系統。
