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Japanese dolls and Hinamatsuri
日本玩偶和女兒節(jié)
“Hinamatsuri (Doll’s Festival)” is held on March 3rd. This is a day to pray for young girl’s growth and happiness. It is also called “Momo no sekku (Peach Festival)” because of the peach blossom season on the old lunar calendar. May 5th is "Kodomo no hi (Children’s Day)"，and this is so called “Boy’s Festival”. While Children’s Day is a national holiday, Hinamatsuri is not.
3月3日是“女兒節(jié)(玩偶節(jié))”。這一天是為年輕女孩成長和幸福祈福的日子。它也被稱為“桃花節(jié)”，因為是桃花在舊陰歷盛開的季節(jié)。5月5日是“兒童節(jié)”，也叫“男兒節(jié)”。雖然兒童節(jié)是一個國家法定假日，但女兒節(jié)不是。
Most families with girls display “hina-ningyo” (special dolls for Hinamatsuri) and dedicate peach blossoms to them. They are usually arranged on a five or seven-tiered stand covered with a red carpet.
大多數(shù)有女孩的家庭擺放“雛人形"（女兒節(jié)專用娃娃），為她們獻上桃花。這些“雛人形”通常擺放在用紅毯覆蓋的有5層或7層的臺上。
The practice of displaying these dolls on the third day of the third month on the traditional Japanese calendar began during the Edo period (1603-1868). It started as a way of warding off evil spirits, with the dolls acting as a charm. Even today, people in some parts of the country release paper dolls into rivers after the festival, praying that the dolls take people’s place in carrying away sickness and bad fortune.
在日本陽歷3月3日那天擺放玩偶的傳統(tǒng)始于江戶時代 (1603-1868年）。它開始是作為一種避邪的方式,用玩偶做替身。即使在今天，日本一些地方在3月3日還會將紙人放進河里，祈求將人的疾病和厄運轉(zhuǎn)到娃娃里帶走。
The dolls wear costumes of the imperial court during the Heian period (794-1192) and are placed on a tiered platform covered with red felt. The size of the dolls and number of steps vary, but usually the displays are of five or seven layers; single-tiered decorations with one male and one female doll are also common.
娃娃穿著平安時代（794-1192年）的宮廷服裝,擺放在用紅氈覆蓋的一個多層臺上。娃娃的大小和擺放的層數(shù)各不相同，但通常會擺在5層或7層,單用一男一女兩個娃娃裝飾也很普遍。
The Kanto region and Kansai region have different placement orders of the dolls from left to right, but the orders of dolls per level are the same.
關(guān)東地區(qū)和關(guān)西地區(qū)擺放玩偶的左右順序有所不同，但每層擺放什么玩偶的順序是相同的。
The top tier holds two dolls, known as imperial, dolls representing the Emperor and Empress. The traditional arrangement had the male on the right, while modem arrangements had him on the left (from the viewer’s perspective).
頂層擺放的是代表天皇和皇后的皇家玩偶。傳統(tǒng)上將男性擺在右邊，但現(xiàn)代將其擺在左邊(從觀眾的角度)。
The dolls are usually placed in front of a gold folding screen.
玩偶通常放置在一個金屏風前。
The second tier holds three court ladies. Each holds a sake equipment.
第二層擺放3個宮女。每人各執(zhí)一種酒器。
The third tier holds five male musicians. Each holds a musical instrument except the singer, who holds a fan.
第三層是5個男性樂手。除了手持扇子的歌手外,每個都持有一種樂器。
Two ministers may be displayed on the fourth tier: the Minister of the Right and the Minister of the Left. The Minister of the Right is depicted as a young person, while the Minister of the Left is much older. Also, because the dolls are placed in positions relative to each other, the Minister of the Right will be on the viewer’s left and the Minister of the Left will be on the viewer’s right. Both are sometimes equipped with bows and arrows.
第四層可能擺放2個大臣：右大臣和左大臣。右大臣是個年輕人，而左大臣卻老得多了。此外，由于玩偶的擺放位置彼此相關(guān)，從觀眾的角度看,右大臣在左邊,左大臣在右邊.有時二人都配備了弓箭。
The fifth tier, between the plants, holds three helpers or samurai as the protectors of the emperor and empress.
3個仆人或保護天皇和皇后的武士擺在第五層的植物間。
On the sixth and seventh tiers, a variety of miniature furniture, tools, carriages, etc. are displayed.
在第六和第七層擺放著各種小家具、工具和牛車等。
A traditional set of dolls can be very expensive. There are various grades for the sets, and some full sets cost more than a million yen. Unless there is a set handed down from generation to generation, grandparents or parents buy them for a girl by her first Hinamatsuri. However, since many Japanese live in small houses, royal couple version (with only the Emperor and the Empress dolls) is popular nowadays.
一套傳統(tǒng)的玩偶可能很貴。不同套裝有不同的層數(shù),有些全套價值在100萬日元以上。除非是家里有代代相傳的一套，祖父母或父母會在女孩的第一個女兒節(jié)時為她買一套。然而,由于許多日本人住在小房子里,王室夫婦版(只有天皇和皇后玩偶)是現(xiàn)在最流行的。
There is a superstition that if you don’t put away the hina-ningyo soon after March 3rd, the daughter will get married late. Hence，most families take their beautiful collection of dolls out of the closet around mid-February and put it away again as soon as Hina Matsuri is over.
有一種迷信說，如果你不在3月3日后立即收起雛人形,女兒結(jié)婚會很晚。因此大多數(shù)家庭在2 月中旬拿出珍藏在櫥柜里的人偶,并在女兒節(jié)結(jié)束時立即收起。
