評(píng)論
打印
Diocletian's biggest reform was the Tetrarchy a very complicated scheme designed to provide the empire with four emperors
戴克里先最大的改革是四人統(tǒng)治制度，這是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的機(jī)制為帝國(guó)提供四位皇帝，
and a logical means of succession.
擁有符合邏輯的繼位方式。
Although the Tetrarchy failed soon after Diocletian left office Diocletian's other reforms were enough to buy the empire two more centuries of survival in the West,
雖然戴克里先離任后，四帝共治制也隨之失敗，但是他的其余一些改革已經(jīng)足以將羅馬帝國(guó)在西方的存在再延續(xù)200年，
and another 1200 years of survival in the East.
在東方再延續(xù)1200年。
The cost of these reforms though was terrific, personal liberty had died for good.
但是這些改革的代價(jià)也是慘重的，民眾永遠(yuǎn)的失去了個(gè)人自由。
Personal initiative was more dangerous than it was helpful.
個(gè)人行動(dòng)非但沒有益處反而是危險(xiǎn)的。
Even though the borders had stabilized
盡管邊疆穩(wěn)定，
the roman people never seemed to regain the pluckiness and the optimism the faith in Rome's destiny that they had possessed before the crisis of the third century AD.
羅馬民眾卻似乎再也無法擁有公元第三世紀(jì)危機(jī)之前人們對(duì)于羅馬命運(yùn)所持有的膽量，樂觀，與信念。
Segment 13 b The roman imperial military
13b 羅馬帝國(guó)軍隊(duì)
Augustus' invention of the principate determined once and for all the role of Rome's military.
奧古斯都所開創(chuàng)的元首制永遠(yuǎn)地定下了羅馬軍隊(duì)的角色。
As always the roman army was responsible for maintaining the roman world's internal stability and external defense.
羅馬軍隊(duì)的責(zé)任就是維護(hù)羅馬世界的內(nèi)部穩(wěn)定和外部防御。
But since the principate was a military tyranny disguised as a republic,
但是由于元首制是共和國(guó)偽裝下的軍隊(duì)暴政，
control of the army meant control of the government.
控制軍隊(duì)就意味著控制政府。
Augustus had to assess the empire's military needs carefully. And maintain just the right sized army.
奧古斯都需要謹(jǐn)慎地評(píng)估帝國(guó)的軍事需求，保持規(guī)模合適的軍隊(duì)。
Not too large and expensive but strong enough and fast enough to do the job well.
不能規(guī)模太大太昂貴 但是也要有足夠的實(shí)力和速度要能夠勝任。
Most importantly though, the military had to be completely loyal.
更重要的是軍隊(duì)要完全忠誠(chéng)。
After consolidating his power over Rome Augustus first cut the number of Roman troops
奧古斯都鞏固了自己的權(quán)力之后，將羅馬軍隊(duì)的規(guī)模
from roughly 280 000 to roughly 150 000 elite veterans.
從大約28萬(wàn)人減為了大概15萬(wàn)老兵。
These veterans swore an oath of allegiance not to Rome but to the Augustus personally.
這些老兵并不是對(duì)羅馬宣誓而是對(duì)奧古斯都本人宣誓效忠。
